Volume 23, Issue 90 (11-2023)
refahj 2023, 23(90): 325-364 |
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Research code: A-10-4306-1
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farhag A, Dalir E. (2023). Reviewing and presenting the Appropriate Employment Model for the Disabled Based on the indigenous advantages of Ardabil province. refahj. 23(90), 325-364. doi:10.32598/refahj.23.90.4306.1
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-4179-en.html
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-4179-en.html
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Extended abstract
Introduction
Statistical data shows that in 2011, the employment rate for men and women with disabilities was 52.8% and 19.6%, respectively. According to Patel (2016), many people with disabilities face the problem of social equality with others despite the presence of various barriers to access, including physical, social, economic and cultural (attitude) and education, skill development, health services, and opportunities to get a job. In his research conducted in 2020, Alwani considered this to be caused by employers’ lack of confidence among the disabled people. Therefore, according to the social oppression view of disability, it can be said that disability is a type of deprivation of resources. So that Shiman and Terence showed in their research that disabled people are deprived in economic situation, for example from job and personal income with less chance to achieve social status. In order to solve the problem of this category, Ford and his colleagues believe that without the support of family, friends, and institutions, people with disabilities will not be able to keep their jobs. In Iran, wherein about 4% of the population are people with disabilities, their unemployment rate is more than 63%, which is more than 2.5 million people. In this regard, various laws and regulations have been enacted to support people with disabilities, such as the constitution, comprehensive protection for disabled people approved in 1383 (2004), as well as approved in 1396 (2017) and the laws approved in the field of urban planning. In this regard, the research aimed at investigating the employment of people with disabilities in Ardabil province was considered with an emphasis on relative advantages, in order to be able to answer the research questions by conducting a coherent research: What are the advantages of Ardabil province in terms of creating employment for disabled people? What are the factors influencing the employment of disabled people in Ardabil province? What are the obstacles to creating employment for the disabled in Ardabil province? What are the solutions for empowering and employing disabled people in the society?
Method
The current research has an applied and developmental purpose and is a descriptive-analytical type of research. The statistical population consists of 23,730 people with disabilities in Ardabil province, both employed and unemployed. According to Cochran’s formula, the number of 380 people was determined as a statistical sample. The research questions were developed using the researcher-made and self-answering Likert scale and based on the experiences listed in the research background. A questionnaire comprising 83 items were designed and distributed among 380 people with disabilities in the cities of Ardabil province in a simple random manner based on the share of the population of each city from the total statistical sample through the percentage of relative frequency. To determine the reliability and validity of the main variables of this research and the described questionnaire, the content validity method was used and it was selected and determined by using the opinions of experts and researches. Regarding the reliability of the research, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was determined and selected using SPSS software, so that the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed in the calculated alpha value to be greater than (ALPHA≥ 0.70). SPSS version 20 software was used in the analysis of research data. Thus, in the first stage, which was related to the relative advantages of Ardabil province, after determining the variables, weighting and ranking were done by ten expert professors of the university, and then the final score of each of the relative advantages was determined. In the second stage, taking into account the central indicators and the statistical status of the research components, the significance of the impact of the considered components on the employment of the disabled was investigated using the T test.
Findings
In separate tables for each component, the defining items of each variable are shown with their standard deviation, mean, average and variance. Also, in order to investigate the impact of each of the mentioned factors along with their components, a regression model and an experimental model have been used to determine the extent to which each of the five factors have an impact on the employment of the disabled. The regression analysis provided the researcher with the opportunity to predict changes in the dependent variable through independent variables and determine the contribution of each of the independent variables in explaining the dependent variable. The independent variable was estimated so that by revealing the coefficients of each of the explanatory variables, the importance of each of them in the direction of policy planning and prioritization is taken into account.
Discussion
In all the cities of Ardabil province, the number of unemployed people is significantly higher than the number of employed people. The number of unemployed people is 65.6% of the total population of disabled people in Ardabil province. Out of the total number of disabled people in Ardabil province, nearly 91.55% of them are illiterate and only 45.8% of them have primary to doctorate education. Disabled persons in 80% of the cities of Ardabil province are between 30 and 35 years old, and considering that nearly 91.55% of disabled people in the province are illiterate and 70% of the cities are facing the problem of unemployment of disabled people, the need for a basic action for practical training to activate and empower this group is felt. One of the most effective and important components in creating employment and designing and setting up any business for people with disabilities was paying attention to the relative advantage (strengths and weaknesses) of Ardabil province and SWAT analysis, according to which, Ardabil province has a high relative advantage in terms of agriculture, business relations with Azerbaijan, and tourism in creating employment. But the lack of a comprehensive information and marketing system, weak tourism and commercial infrastructure, weak communication networks, weak irrigation efficiency, the lack of transformation industries and processing of agricultural products, has weakened employment in this province.
Ethical considerations
The current research is descriptive, analytical and quantitative. The principles of trustworthiness have been observed in the use of sources by mentioning the name and date of the work. Also, in the stage of collecting information and analyzing and interpreting data, honesty and respecting the rights of all people are considered. Here we need to thank all the people who helped us in doing this research.
Introduction
Statistical data shows that in 2011, the employment rate for men and women with disabilities was 52.8% and 19.6%, respectively. According to Patel (2016), many people with disabilities face the problem of social equality with others despite the presence of various barriers to access, including physical, social, economic and cultural (attitude) and education, skill development, health services, and opportunities to get a job. In his research conducted in 2020, Alwani considered this to be caused by employers’ lack of confidence among the disabled people. Therefore, according to the social oppression view of disability, it can be said that disability is a type of deprivation of resources. So that Shiman and Terence showed in their research that disabled people are deprived in economic situation, for example from job and personal income with less chance to achieve social status. In order to solve the problem of this category, Ford and his colleagues believe that without the support of family, friends, and institutions, people with disabilities will not be able to keep their jobs. In Iran, wherein about 4% of the population are people with disabilities, their unemployment rate is more than 63%, which is more than 2.5 million people. In this regard, various laws and regulations have been enacted to support people with disabilities, such as the constitution, comprehensive protection for disabled people approved in 1383 (2004), as well as approved in 1396 (2017) and the laws approved in the field of urban planning. In this regard, the research aimed at investigating the employment of people with disabilities in Ardabil province was considered with an emphasis on relative advantages, in order to be able to answer the research questions by conducting a coherent research: What are the advantages of Ardabil province in terms of creating employment for disabled people? What are the factors influencing the employment of disabled people in Ardabil province? What are the obstacles to creating employment for the disabled in Ardabil province? What are the solutions for empowering and employing disabled people in the society?
Method
The current research has an applied and developmental purpose and is a descriptive-analytical type of research. The statistical population consists of 23,730 people with disabilities in Ardabil province, both employed and unemployed. According to Cochran’s formula, the number of 380 people was determined as a statistical sample. The research questions were developed using the researcher-made and self-answering Likert scale and based on the experiences listed in the research background. A questionnaire comprising 83 items were designed and distributed among 380 people with disabilities in the cities of Ardabil province in a simple random manner based on the share of the population of each city from the total statistical sample through the percentage of relative frequency. To determine the reliability and validity of the main variables of this research and the described questionnaire, the content validity method was used and it was selected and determined by using the opinions of experts and researches. Regarding the reliability of the research, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was determined and selected using SPSS software, so that the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed in the calculated alpha value to be greater than (ALPHA≥ 0.70). SPSS version 20 software was used in the analysis of research data. Thus, in the first stage, which was related to the relative advantages of Ardabil province, after determining the variables, weighting and ranking were done by ten expert professors of the university, and then the final score of each of the relative advantages was determined. In the second stage, taking into account the central indicators and the statistical status of the research components, the significance of the impact of the considered components on the employment of the disabled was investigated using the T test.
Findings
In separate tables for each component, the defining items of each variable are shown with their standard deviation, mean, average and variance. Also, in order to investigate the impact of each of the mentioned factors along with their components, a regression model and an experimental model have been used to determine the extent to which each of the five factors have an impact on the employment of the disabled. The regression analysis provided the researcher with the opportunity to predict changes in the dependent variable through independent variables and determine the contribution of each of the independent variables in explaining the dependent variable. The independent variable was estimated so that by revealing the coefficients of each of the explanatory variables, the importance of each of them in the direction of policy planning and prioritization is taken into account.
Discussion
In all the cities of Ardabil province, the number of unemployed people is significantly higher than the number of employed people. The number of unemployed people is 65.6% of the total population of disabled people in Ardabil province. Out of the total number of disabled people in Ardabil province, nearly 91.55% of them are illiterate and only 45.8% of them have primary to doctorate education. Disabled persons in 80% of the cities of Ardabil province are between 30 and 35 years old, and considering that nearly 91.55% of disabled people in the province are illiterate and 70% of the cities are facing the problem of unemployment of disabled people, the need for a basic action for practical training to activate and empower this group is felt. One of the most effective and important components in creating employment and designing and setting up any business for people with disabilities was paying attention to the relative advantage (strengths and weaknesses) of Ardabil province and SWAT analysis, according to which, Ardabil province has a high relative advantage in terms of agriculture, business relations with Azerbaijan, and tourism in creating employment. But the lack of a comprehensive information and marketing system, weak tourism and commercial infrastructure, weak communication networks, weak irrigation efficiency, the lack of transformation industries and processing of agricultural products, has weakened employment in this province.
Ethical considerations
The current research is descriptive, analytical and quantitative. The principles of trustworthiness have been observed in the use of sources by mentioning the name and date of the work. Also, in the stage of collecting information and analyzing and interpreting data, honesty and respecting the rights of all people are considered. Here we need to thank all the people who helped us in doing this research.
Type of Study: orginal |
Received: 2023/02/19 | Accepted: 2023/09/26 | Published: 2023/11/27
Received: 2023/02/19 | Accepted: 2023/09/26 | Published: 2023/11/27
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