Volume 20, Issue 79 (1-2021)                   refahj 2021, 20(79): 55-117 | Back to browse issues page

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ghovati sefidsangi A, hoseyni S J, noghani dokht bahmani M. (2021). Comparison of Social Development in the Five Development plans Before and After the Islamic Revolution of Iran. refahj. 20(79), 55-117.
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3639-en.html
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Introduction: Planning is a process of thinking about social, economic, cultural, political, and physical issues, having orientation and foresight in relationships, comprehensive goals and highly integrated in the restrictive policy of plan. Planning in Iran to move towards development began scientifically and well before the Islamic Revolution, in 1327, and ended with the implementation of five development plans prior to the Islamic Revolution in 1356, the last Iranian development plan. In the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution, a decade after the revolution and the ceasefire of the Iran-Iraq war, Iran’s development plans began again in 1368, and by 1394, five economic, social, and cultural development plans have been implemented in the country. Plans that have so far been developed in the name of development by foreign or domestic experts or by the participation of both parties in recent decades and implemented in “underdeveloped” countries have largely focused on economic growth and industrial development, and social and cultural factors of growth have been largely neglected. However, nowadays, development is viewed as a multidimensional process that requires the reorganization and reorientation of the complex economic, social, and cultural system. In this study, we seek to reflect one of the multiple dimensions of development called “social development” in the five pre-revolutionary development plans (1327-1356) and the five economic, social and cultural development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran after the revolution (1394-1388). The United Nations Regional Development Center considers social development to be the provision of social services required by citizens, emphasizing on improving the quality of lives of people by providing education, work, health, housing, social welfare, land reform, local development, safety from natural disasters, the different sections of society including women and children, and so on. 
Method: The present study uses quantitative content analysis with emphasis on the explicit and tacit aspects of the text, all five periods before the Islamic Revolution and five periods of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Economic, Social, and Cultural Development Plan. Textual content analysis is an important method in social studies and communication sciences that can be used to quantify a variety of issues in the press, radio and television, cinema, cartoons, interviews, and music. Social development has been examined with two indicators: “welfare” indicators and “humanistic” indicators, which have been designed using theoretical literature and empirical research background. The materials used in the current study comprise the laws of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth development plans before the 1327-1356 revolution and the laws of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1368-1394. Since the materials used in the research are all laws of development and development plans, there is no sampling in the research. 
Findings: The first result obtained from the analysis of the pre-revolution plans is that the first plan pays little attention on the development indicators and from the second result, one can understand that the welfare approach dominates in all five pre-revolutionary development programs, and the disadvantage of all these plans is that some of the indicators (political proliferation, ethnic equality) are ignored in any of the five civil plans. If we want to make a third conclusion, according to the principle analysis of the pre-revolutionary development plan documents, in the dimension of welfare development indicators, the fifth development plan is the best and most complete one that has paid sufficient attention to all seven indicators, and the weakest plan is the first plan of the pre-revolutionary civilization wherein little attention has been paid to other indicators. 
Regarding the post-revolution development programs, it can be said that each program pays more attention to social development in both dimensions of humanitarian and welfare indicators than the previous ones, but what can be deduced as a second result from this initial study is that in each plan, the welfare approach relative to the social development has been far more important than the humanitarian approach, and more attention has been paid to it. Whereas in both sections of the welfare and humanitarian indexes, some indicators have been ignored and some have been understood. 
Discussion: In most of the previous studies, social development was known as only one dimension, and it was the improvement of welfare indexes in human life. But in the present study, the next dimension is added to social development in line with new theories and the human development approach of Thasin statistics, and that is the humanitarian dimension of social development. The reason for the humanitarian dimension of social development in this research is that it is the goal of all development plans before and after the revolution, as well as the constitution and all planning has mostly been on human development and excellence. This is not possible except in paying attention to the humanitarian indicators of social development in planning. In the present study, therefore, to examine social development in the context of pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary programs, two indexes were considered: 1) welfare 2) humanitarian indicators. Based on the analysis of the pre and post - revolutionary plans, it can be seen that the post - revolutionary programs with a little more attention than the pre - revolutionary programs were more effective and comprehensive. But as it has been clear in all the programs, each program is designed and implemented regardless of the weaknesses of the previous programs. Therefore, it is needed to refer to sophisticated work in all programs.

Ethical Considerations:
Authors’ contributions
All authors contributed in producing of the research.
Funding
In the present study, all expenses were borne by the authors and they did not have any sponsors.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments:
In this article, all rights relating to references are cited and resources are carefully listed
 
Type of Study: orginal |
Received: 2020/04/25 | Accepted: 2021/01/5 | Published: 2021/04/3

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