Extended Abstract
Introduction
One of the common concerns of scholars of economic sciences, public administration, and political sciences is the examination of differences and justifications for differentiating countries. Also, Duncan (2010) considers the state of well-being to be one of the factors that differentiate between countries.
Providing prosperity and well-being has long been considered as one of the pillars of national security of countries, and the degree of success of governments in achieving the aforementioned goal is considered as one of the components of their power, in such a way that the realization of a good life is regarded as one of the main duties of governments. In addition, with the rise of living standards and access to more facilities, the concept of well-being has become increasingly important. Therefore, many thinkers are interested in identifying the factors that affect well-being from different angles.
Well-being and social well-being can perhaps be considered as the ultimate goal of any economy or, more generally, the ultimate goal of mankind. Human beings have been looking for happiness since the beginning of their existence, and perhaps the example of happiness in the world nowadays can be explained to some extent by prosperity and well-being. Governance is not a new issue, but it has a long history, perhaps as long as human life. Governance is a process in which a group of people make decisions on their behalf and another group executes on their behalf and under their supervision. Good governance is defined as processes and structures that guide covenantal relationships to democratic values, norms and practices, trust-based services, and honesty-based actions. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, one of the frameworks of government governance over the society is presented in the form of development plans, and one of the plans is the Sixth Five-Year Development Plan. Article No. 80 of the Sixth Law states that the government is obliged according to the relevant laws and the approvals of the Social Council so as to reduce social harms by preparing a comprehensive plan to control and reduce social harms with the priority of addiction, divorce, and marginalization, and work, social and moral corruption, including the following axes. The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a welfare governance model. The present research was conducted employing a mixed/combined (qualitative-quantitative) and exploratory type.
Method
The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part was the experts of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare and the Social Security Organization. Forty of them were selected considering some characteristics, such as having a Master’s degree and above, and having at least 20 years of service experience. Having a history of activity in the field of well-being and welfare was taken into account. In the quantitative part of the research, the sample was made using the random sampling method from all the experts of the Ministry and the Social Security Organization of the country.
According to Cochran’s formula, 386 people were selected by stratified random method from among 600 people. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were used, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the interview results was developed and used. To check the validity of information in the qualitative part, the technique of long-term engagement with the field of study was used, and in the quantitative part of the research, the validity of the tools was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient with an error of 5%. The information obtained in the qualitative part was analyzed by thematic analysis method and using MAXQDA software. Also, structural equation model and Smart PLS software version No. 2 were used in the quantitative part.
Findings
In different stages of coding, the codes that shared content were integrated by the researcher and formed dimensions, components, and indicators. Based on the results, five dimensions of cultural/social factors, economic factors, political/security factors, public health and government factors and 19 components of public participation, social justice, accountability, cultural factors, social welfare were extracted from 109 open codes. The efficiency and effectiveness of improving the business environment, political stability, public security, political security, social health, quality of work life, mental health in the workplace, government factors, legal factors, the quality of laws and regulations, accountability tools, welfare policy making and change they are the role of the government.
Discussion
The results of the studies of Eskandari et al. (2021) showed that public welfare governance with the approach of developing social justice includes participation (with three core codes of participation in providing services, participation of popular institutions and organizations in governance and participation in policy making), accountability (with two the core code of accountability to institutions and supervision), efficiency and effectiveness (with three core codes of providing job-creating projects, greater efficiency of services and stability in the economy), approval and rule of law (with four core codes of adopting correct policies, respect of the government and people for the law, maintaining security and stability in society), accountability (with three core codes of managers’ responsibility, monitoring people and creating an atmosphere of cultural responsibility), transparency (with two core codes of fighting corruption and media freedom) and justice (with two core codes of providing equal services and are effective and deal with social discrimination).
Kozolovsky et al. (2021), in their study, assessed public welfare in Ukraine during the Covid-19 pandemic and digitalization of the economy. The results showed that the level of public welfare in Ukraine is very low and even lower than those of the world standards. In their study, Voklato et al. (2021) presented two different frameworks for evaluating objective and subjective well-being or happiness, as well as their related dimensions. Objective well-being is a fundamental challenge mainly because of its multidimensional nature. Therefore, researchers focused on the precise determination of its objective measurement dimensions. Objective welfare includes aspects of health, job opportunities, environment, security, politics, and socio-economic development. Mental well-being, the scientific term for happiness, is a central value in people’s lives. Based on this, in order to provide the necessary platforms for welfare governance, it is important to pay attention to various factors, such as cultural and social factors.
Welfare governance practices in Iran are influenced by cultural/social, economic, political/security, public health, and governance factors. Therefore, by recognizing the factors affecting welfare governance and providing the necessary conditions for welfare governance, the welfare level of citizens should be improved.
Ethical considerations
Authors’ contributions
All authors contributed in designing, running, and writing all parts of the research.
Funding
No direct financial support was received from any institution or organization for the preparation of this article.
Conflicts of interest
This article does not overlap with other published works of the authors.
Following the ethics of research
In this article, all rights related to research ethics have been respected.

Duncan G. (2010). Should happiness-maximization be the goal of governments? Journal of Happiness Studies. 11 (21), pp. 25-68.
Eskandari H, Dadash Karimi Y, Hojjati A. (2021). Identifying factors affecting public welfare governance with the approach of social justice development: a qualitative research. Society for Sociology of Education.14(2):pp.299-308. (In Persian)
Voklato,M.A. (2021).  A Gestalt therapeutic program to enhance the Well-being of the diabetic child. Doctoral thesis, university of south Africa.