Volume 22, Issue 87 (2-2023)
refahj 2023, 22(87): 221-251 |
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ojaghi S, Bayat R, Fazli S, Keshavarz Tork E, Fath Taheri A. (2023). Prioritization the Factors Affecting the future of Employment and Social Welfare in Iran. refahj. 22(87), : 7 doi:10.32598/refahj.22.87.4133.1
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-4070-en.html
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-4070-en.html
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Introduction: One of the major goals of development in most countries, including Iran, is to reduce unemployment and expand employment. Issues related to employment and unemployment are widely being discussed nowadays in economic issues, including developing countries and industrialized countries. Post-temporal issues that combine their dimensions with social issues take on greater importance. The problem of unemployment in addition to economic problems, can be regarded as the source of behavioral disorders in any society. In this study, we seek to answer the key question that what factors and components are the priority and superiority of employment and welfare in Iran?
The main purpose of the study is to extract the factors affecting employment and social welfare in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the sub-objective of the research is to prioritize the factors affecting employment and social welfare in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Methods: Based on the nature of the data in the exploratory research group and the purpose of this research can be referred to as applied research, and based on the data collection method it is descriptive-survey type. The target population in this study include the officials of employment and social welfare in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, as well as the researchers in the field of employment and welfare in the Higher Research Institute of Social Security. In this research, in the first stage (qualitative part), in order to define the problem and identify different dimensions and aspects of the research subject, the documentary method has been used, then in order to identify other factors affecting employment and welfare, interview tools have been used. In the second step (quantitative part) after enumerating the key factors and components affecting employment and welfare, the factors were prepared in the form of a pairwise comparison questionnaire and distributed among the experts. Then, in order to analyze the factors and also to prioritize the key components, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software have been used. Hierarchical method (AHP) is one of the most popular multi-purpose decision making techniques. The AHP process makes it possible to combine qualitative criteria with quantitative criteria simultaneously. The basis of AHP method on pairwise or binary comparisons is the main criteria of the subject. AHP method is one of the most popular multi-purpose decision making techniques. The AHP process makes it possible to combine qualitative criteria with quantitative criteria simultaneously. The basis of AHP method on pairwise or binary comparisons is the main criteria of the subject. This allows the decision maker to focus on comparing the two criteria or options alone, regardless of any external influence or interference. In addition, binary comparisons provide valuable information for the issue under consideration and rationalize the decision-making process because the respondent measures only two factors relative to each other and ignores other factors. Whenever AHP is used as a decision-making tool, an appropriate hierarchy should be provided at the outset to articulate the issue under study. The decision hierarchy is a tree that has multiple levels depending on the problem being addressed. The first level represents the purpose of the decision, and the last level represents the options that are compared with each other and are competing with one another for selection. The middle level of this tree is made up of factors that are considered as a criterion for comparing the options.
Findings: The findings show that the first criterion, namely economic factors, has the highest priority with a relative weight of 0.396 and political factors with a relative weight of 0.334 in the second place, respectively; social and cultural factors with a relative weight of 0.154 are in the third place, and technological factors with a relative weight of 0.117 are in the fourth place. In economic terms, the sub-criterion of future investment space with a relative weight of 0.228 has the highest priority. Then, the banking system with a relative weight of 0.185 is the second priority, the production space in the country with a relative weight of 0.183, the third priority and the country's tax system with a relative weight of 0.165 are the fourth priority. Economic variables with a relative weight of 132.13 0 are the fifth priority, and finally the payment system with a relative weight of 0.107 is in the sixth priority. In the social criterion, the sub-criterion of insurance and social security with a relative weight of 0.317 has the highest priority. Next, respectively, the educational system with a relative weight of 0.222 is the second priority, business culture in the country with a relative weight of 0.80, the third priority, justice and equality with a relative weight of 0.152 is the fourth priority and manpower with a relative weight of 0.130 is in the fifth priority in political criteria, the policy criterion with a relative weight of 0.415 has the highest priority. After that, the rules and regulations with a relative weight of 0.304 are in the second priority, and international relations with a relative weight of 0.281 are in the third priority. In the technology criterion, the sub-criterion of domestic technologies with a relative weight of 0.555 has the highest priority, and then foreign technologies with a relative weight of 0.444 stands in the second place.
Discussion: The most important and key factor that can affect employment and welfare of the country is the concept of investment. The importance of investing is not hidden from anyone nowadays. In economic theories, investment is known as the driving force of economic growth and is necessary to achieve economic and social development and one of the most important pillars in the growth and development of production units and enterprises. In order to attract domestic and foreign investors, our country faces many issues and problems, including the existence of deterrent laws and regulations, high risk of the country in productive activities, the dominance of the state economy, insufficient infrastructure. Physical, redundant bureaucracy, the existence of a negative mentality about the economic and security situation in Iran, the unfavorable business environment, economic sanctions and global issues and problems can also be referred to as issues as well. Considering the importance of investment and high unemployment in Iran, measures and strategies that can have an impact on the development and expansion of domestic and foreign investment in the coming years are: facilitation of laws and regulations, allocation of special funds, subsidizing subsidies, providing incentive policies in order to attract domestic and foreign investors, and establishing a safe investment environment in the country.
The main purpose of the study is to extract the factors affecting employment and social welfare in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the sub-objective of the research is to prioritize the factors affecting employment and social welfare in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Methods: Based on the nature of the data in the exploratory research group and the purpose of this research can be referred to as applied research, and based on the data collection method it is descriptive-survey type. The target population in this study include the officials of employment and social welfare in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, as well as the researchers in the field of employment and welfare in the Higher Research Institute of Social Security. In this research, in the first stage (qualitative part), in order to define the problem and identify different dimensions and aspects of the research subject, the documentary method has been used, then in order to identify other factors affecting employment and welfare, interview tools have been used. In the second step (quantitative part) after enumerating the key factors and components affecting employment and welfare, the factors were prepared in the form of a pairwise comparison questionnaire and distributed among the experts. Then, in order to analyze the factors and also to prioritize the key components, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software have been used. Hierarchical method (AHP) is one of the most popular multi-purpose decision making techniques. The AHP process makes it possible to combine qualitative criteria with quantitative criteria simultaneously. The basis of AHP method on pairwise or binary comparisons is the main criteria of the subject. AHP method is one of the most popular multi-purpose decision making techniques. The AHP process makes it possible to combine qualitative criteria with quantitative criteria simultaneously. The basis of AHP method on pairwise or binary comparisons is the main criteria of the subject. This allows the decision maker to focus on comparing the two criteria or options alone, regardless of any external influence or interference. In addition, binary comparisons provide valuable information for the issue under consideration and rationalize the decision-making process because the respondent measures only two factors relative to each other and ignores other factors. Whenever AHP is used as a decision-making tool, an appropriate hierarchy should be provided at the outset to articulate the issue under study. The decision hierarchy is a tree that has multiple levels depending on the problem being addressed. The first level represents the purpose of the decision, and the last level represents the options that are compared with each other and are competing with one another for selection. The middle level of this tree is made up of factors that are considered as a criterion for comparing the options.
Findings: The findings show that the first criterion, namely economic factors, has the highest priority with a relative weight of 0.396 and political factors with a relative weight of 0.334 in the second place, respectively; social and cultural factors with a relative weight of 0.154 are in the third place, and technological factors with a relative weight of 0.117 are in the fourth place. In economic terms, the sub-criterion of future investment space with a relative weight of 0.228 has the highest priority. Then, the banking system with a relative weight of 0.185 is the second priority, the production space in the country with a relative weight of 0.183, the third priority and the country's tax system with a relative weight of 0.165 are the fourth priority. Economic variables with a relative weight of 132.13 0 are the fifth priority, and finally the payment system with a relative weight of 0.107 is in the sixth priority. In the social criterion, the sub-criterion of insurance and social security with a relative weight of 0.317 has the highest priority. Next, respectively, the educational system with a relative weight of 0.222 is the second priority, business culture in the country with a relative weight of 0.80, the third priority, justice and equality with a relative weight of 0.152 is the fourth priority and manpower with a relative weight of 0.130 is in the fifth priority in political criteria, the policy criterion with a relative weight of 0.415 has the highest priority. After that, the rules and regulations with a relative weight of 0.304 are in the second priority, and international relations with a relative weight of 0.281 are in the third priority. In the technology criterion, the sub-criterion of domestic technologies with a relative weight of 0.555 has the highest priority, and then foreign technologies with a relative weight of 0.444 stands in the second place.
Discussion: The most important and key factor that can affect employment and welfare of the country is the concept of investment. The importance of investing is not hidden from anyone nowadays. In economic theories, investment is known as the driving force of economic growth and is necessary to achieve economic and social development and one of the most important pillars in the growth and development of production units and enterprises. In order to attract domestic and foreign investors, our country faces many issues and problems, including the existence of deterrent laws and regulations, high risk of the country in productive activities, the dominance of the state economy, insufficient infrastructure. Physical, redundant bureaucracy, the existence of a negative mentality about the economic and security situation in Iran, the unfavorable business environment, economic sanctions and global issues and problems can also be referred to as issues as well. Considering the importance of investment and high unemployment in Iran, measures and strategies that can have an impact on the development and expansion of domestic and foreign investment in the coming years are: facilitation of laws and regulations, allocation of special funds, subsidizing subsidies, providing incentive policies in order to attract domestic and foreign investors, and establishing a safe investment environment in the country.
Type of Study: method |
Received: 2022/04/22 | Accepted: 2022/09/28 | Published: 2023/02/8
Received: 2022/04/22 | Accepted: 2022/09/28 | Published: 2023/02/8
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