Volume 22, Issue 84 (4-2022)
refahj 2022, 22(84): 109-145 |
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hatefi rad L, parsamehr M, ruhani A. (2022). Construction of Dialogue among Couples in Yazd: Moving towards a Grounded Theory. refahj. 22(84), : 4
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3901-en.html
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3901-en.html
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Introduction: Family relationships are the basis of family life and functioning. It is through communication that families are defined and members learn how to organize meanings (Miller,2017). Therefore, one of the most important characteristics of any family is the way of communication and interactions between family members with each other and this desirable communications, will guarantee health of family and consequently health of society. overall, effective communication skills have verbal and non-verbal elements that reinforce each other, and among these, effective verbal and conversational elements have an important place in marital communication Because couples can transfer their message and feelings more easily and better to each other and get closer to each other and deepen their bond and unity. According to the latest research in the country, the average dialogue between couples in Iranian families is about 15 minutes. This is a sign of a sharp decline in dialogue among Iranian families (radiogoftogoo,2018). Therefore, considering the reduction of dialogue time between families, family changes in today's society and the important role of the family in desirable communication and creating a dialogue-oriented community, as well as since many injuries affect the family contains inequality, unbalanced distribution of power in the family, domestic violence, emotional divorce, extramarital relationships, generation gap, etc originates from lack of interaction and dialogue between families, research in this field is necessary.On the other hand, researches and examinations of the divorce situation in yazd show that the growth rate of divorce in the last 20 years has increased from 4% to 27% and poor communication skills have been one of the main causes of divorce (IRNA News Agency, 2019). Therefore, the present study intends to explain the contexts of dialogue in families in Yazd with a sociological perspective and to extract the meaning, situation, obstacles to forming, and dialogue strategies from the perspective of families.
Method: According to the subject, objectives and questions of the present study, which seeks to examine the processes and obstacles to forming of dialogue in family, and also since dialogue is produced and reproduced during social interactions and actors create actively different meanings, the interpretive paradigm is used in this research. methodology in this study is a qualitative research and among the various methods of qualitative research, it uses the strategy of grounded theory. samples were selected through Purposive and theoretical sampling to achieve saturation and 31 couples from normal families in Yazd were selected. In-depth interviews were used for data collection. With the permission of the participants, the interviews were recorded and each interview lasted between 70 and 180 minutes. Theoretical coding method was also used to analyze the data, which is used for data collected to develop the grounded theory. During the analysis through theoretical coding, various methods are used, including open coding, axial coding and selective coding. These coding methods are not as distinct steps but they are as different ways for analyzing text that researcher moved between them or used a combination of them (Hariri, 2006). The validity of findings was ensured through prolonged engagement, peer review, description the mental stereotypes and prejudices of the researcher, member checking and deep description.
Findings: The collected data were categorized into open, axial and selective coding include 17 main categories, 168 secondary categories. these categories were presented in one final category of “dialogue-monologue Problematic in families” and These results have reflected in a paradigmic model. This model has different components and the central phenomenon is problematic experience of dialogue-monologue in families.Causal conditions in this study are structural limitations, agency-oriented limitations and family dialogue in the context of distorted communication that affects the central phenomenon.Inequality dialog-centeredness, different mental representations of dialogue, temporal inequality of family dialogue, thematic inequality of family dialogue are some of the contexts of the present study, which is in fact the context that exists in study community and the strategies and actions under it manage the central phenomenon. Human need for dialogue, non- conversational topics and lack of cognition of dialogue as leisure are intervening conditions that affect and facilitate research strategies. Applying pre-dialogue requirements, dialogue-oriented activities, Anti- dialogue replacement, the decline of dialogue-oriented agency is formed under the influence of contextual and intervening conditions and in response to a central phenomenon. Due to the problematic of the dialogue-monologue experience in families, the strategies of this phenomenon include both positive and negative strategies. The consequences of the strategies of the participants in this study include mental and communication damages, strengthening family relationships and Promoting community health. In fact, the consequences are negative or positive results of the strategies that the actors have adopted in face of the central phenomenon and affected by the contextual and intervening conditions. In the present study, considering that the strategies of the participants include both positive and negative cases, its actual and potential consequences can be both negative and positive.
Discussion: The present study shows that the experience of communicating in the family and its external appearance, which is a dialogue, is very complex, multidimensional and problematic, and faces many limitations in different levels. According to the participants, in most cases, the dialogue is not a goal for individuals, and couples consider the dialogue to achieve the desired results, and this is the first step to show the problematic of dialogue among families. However, the process of dialogue is a process leading to a common understanding and action, and although it has common themes with communication, conversation, negotiation, chat and discussion, but it has other aspects (paya,2002). Due to importance of dialogue and dual and complex confrontation of families with it and lack of knowledge of dialogue in the real concept, it is necessary to create the discourse and awareness about this concept in society and schools and families should try to socialize the dialogue -orientation in children. Also, couples should be aware of the prerequisites and preconditions of dialogue Before marriage through culturization and providing proper education, and during their life together, they should consciously try to create a dialogue-oriented and empathetic atmosphere in relation to each other and children. In general, achieving a healthy society obviously depends on the family health and realization of a healthy family is conditional on having mental health and favorable relationships of its people.
Ethical Considerations:
Authors ’contributions
All authors contributed effectively to this article.
Funding
This article does not receive any financial support for its publication.
Conflicts of interest
In the present study, the authors showed no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to all those people who took part in this research.
Introduction: Family relationships are the basis of family life and functioning. It is through communication that families are defined and members learn how to organize meanings (Miller,2017). Therefore, one of the most important characteristics of any family is the way of communication and interactions between family members with each other and this desirable communications, will guarantee health of family and consequently health of society. overall, effective communication skills have verbal and non-verbal elements that reinforce each other, and among these, effective verbal and conversational elements have an important place in marital communication Because couples can transfer their message and feelings more easily and better to each other and get closer to each other and deepen their bond and unity. According to the latest research in the country, the average dialogue between couples in Iranian families is about 15 minutes. This is a sign of a sharp decline in dialogue among Iranian families (radiogoftogoo,2018). Therefore, considering the reduction of dialogue time between families, family changes in today's society and the important role of the family in desirable communication and creating a dialogue-oriented community, as well as since many injuries affect the family contains inequality, unbalanced distribution of power in the family, domestic violence, emotional divorce, extramarital relationships, generation gap, etc originates from lack of interaction and dialogue between families, research in this field is necessary.On the other hand, researches and examinations of the divorce situation in yazd show that the growth rate of divorce in the last 20 years has increased from 4% to 27% and poor communication skills have been one of the main causes of divorce (IRNA News Agency, 2019). Therefore, the present study intends to explain the contexts of dialogue in families in Yazd with a sociological perspective and to extract the meaning, situation, obstacles to forming, and dialogue strategies from the perspective of families.
Method: According to the subject, objectives and questions of the present study, which seeks to examine the processes and obstacles to forming of dialogue in family, and also since dialogue is produced and reproduced during social interactions and actors create actively different meanings, the interpretive paradigm is used in this research. methodology in this study is a qualitative research and among the various methods of qualitative research, it uses the strategy of grounded theory. samples were selected through Purposive and theoretical sampling to achieve saturation and 31 couples from normal families in Yazd were selected. In-depth interviews were used for data collection. With the permission of the participants, the interviews were recorded and each interview lasted between 70 and 180 minutes. Theoretical coding method was also used to analyze the data, which is used for data collected to develop the grounded theory. During the analysis through theoretical coding, various methods are used, including open coding, axial coding and selective coding. These coding methods are not as distinct steps but they are as different ways for analyzing text that researcher moved between them or used a combination of them (Hariri, 2006). The validity of findings was ensured through prolonged engagement, peer review, description the mental stereotypes and prejudices of the researcher, member checking and deep description.
Findings: The collected data were categorized into open, axial and selective coding include 17 main categories, 168 secondary categories. these categories were presented in one final category of “dialogue-monologue Problematic in families” and These results have reflected in a paradigmic model. This model has different components and the central phenomenon is problematic experience of dialogue-monologue in families.Causal conditions in this study are structural limitations, agency-oriented limitations and family dialogue in the context of distorted communication that affects the central phenomenon.Inequality dialog-centeredness, different mental representations of dialogue, temporal inequality of family dialogue, thematic inequality of family dialogue are some of the contexts of the present study, which is in fact the context that exists in study community and the strategies and actions under it manage the central phenomenon. Human need for dialogue, non- conversational topics and lack of cognition of dialogue as leisure are intervening conditions that affect and facilitate research strategies. Applying pre-dialogue requirements, dialogue-oriented activities, Anti- dialogue replacement, the decline of dialogue-oriented agency is formed under the influence of contextual and intervening conditions and in response to a central phenomenon. Due to the problematic of the dialogue-monologue experience in families, the strategies of this phenomenon include both positive and negative strategies. The consequences of the strategies of the participants in this study include mental and communication damages, strengthening family relationships and Promoting community health. In fact, the consequences are negative or positive results of the strategies that the actors have adopted in face of the central phenomenon and affected by the contextual and intervening conditions. In the present study, considering that the strategies of the participants include both positive and negative cases, its actual and potential consequences can be both negative and positive.
Discussion: The present study shows that the experience of communicating in the family and its external appearance, which is a dialogue, is very complex, multidimensional and problematic, and faces many limitations in different levels. According to the participants, in most cases, the dialogue is not a goal for individuals, and couples consider the dialogue to achieve the desired results, and this is the first step to show the problematic of dialogue among families. However, the process of dialogue is a process leading to a common understanding and action, and although it has common themes with communication, conversation, negotiation, chat and discussion, but it has other aspects (paya,2002). Due to importance of dialogue and dual and complex confrontation of families with it and lack of knowledge of dialogue in the real concept, it is necessary to create the discourse and awareness about this concept in society and schools and families should try to socialize the dialogue -orientation in children. Also, couples should be aware of the prerequisites and preconditions of dialogue Before marriage through culturization and providing proper education, and during their life together, they should consciously try to create a dialogue-oriented and empathetic atmosphere in relation to each other and children. In general, achieving a healthy society obviously depends on the family health and realization of a healthy family is conditional on having mental health and favorable relationships of its people.
Ethical Considerations:
Authors ’contributions
All authors contributed effectively to this article.
Funding
This article does not receive any financial support for its publication.
Conflicts of interest
In the present study, the authors showed no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to all those people who took part in this research.
Type of Study: orginal |
Received: 2021/06/1 | Accepted: 2021/10/20 | Published: 2022/05/13
Received: 2021/06/1 | Accepted: 2021/10/20 | Published: 2022/05/13
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