Volume 22, Issue 84 (4-2022)
refahj 2022, 22(84): 229-265 |
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kordi haji A, hajitabar firozjaee H, kalantari K. (2022). Risk Factors and Prevention of Delinquency in Children and Adolescents on Perspectives of Judges, Social Workers and School Principals of Mazandaran Province. refahj. 22(84), : 7
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3742-en.html
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3742-en.html
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Introduction: What explains the need for the attention of experts including sociologists, criminologists, psychologists, and relevant officials regarding delinquency and crime from the past to the present, is that juvenile delinquency is an unusual behavior and a form of social deviance, and its spread endangers social life. Therefore, recognizing the effective factors in endangering them in the field of crime and then providing the necessary and appropriate preventive solutions, especially from the perspective of experts, is necessary.
Method: The present study is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection method and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study includes judicial officials, school principals and social workers in Mazandaran province. According to Cochran's formula, 384 people were considered as a statistical sample, and this number was selected by cluster random sampling.
Results: The results of Chi-square and Friedman tests showed that from the perspective of the sample, family economic status, family supervision and control, and family moral and educational patterns are effective on juvenile delinquency. According to them, children and adolescents have the highest tendency to commit crimes related to public decency and defamation in cyberspace, and also the highest crime rate of children and adolescents is related to street violence. Finally, the factors affecting the delinquency of children and adolescents in Mazandaran province from the perspective of the sample had a different priority and the type of education and family ethics was considered the most important variable affecting the dependent variable.
Discussion: The results showed that all six research hypotheses were confirmed and generalized to the statistical population. The first hypothesis stated that from the perspective of the sample, the economic situation of the family has a great impact on the delinquency of children and adolescents. Variable components of family economic status also have different prioritization in terms of impact. The result of this part of the study is consistent with the results of several studies. Regarding the second hypothesis and the principle of family supervision and control over juvenile delinquency, several indicators have been mentioned in the research. The test of the third hypothesis showed that from the perspective of the sample, there is a relationship between family moral and educational patterns and delinquency of children and adolescents in Mazandaran province and this variable explains delinquency. The results also showed that from the perspective of the sample studied, the variables of moral and educational patterns of the family have different priorities in terms of affecting the delinquency variable. In the fourth hypothesis, it was concluded that from the point of view of the sample, child and adolescent users of cyberspace in Mazandaran province have a high tendency to commit crimes related to public decency and defamation. Variables such as "transcendence", "high accessibility", "interactivity", "multimedia", "fluidity", "augmentation of reality" and "anonymity" have given a huge force to cyberspace (Ahmadi et al., 1396). Functionalist views, Giddens' "unbridled world", Habermas' "public sphere", Castells' "virtual communication", Katz and Blamer's theory of "use and satisfaction", Theodore Adreno's theory of "cultural industries" and Injection Needle Theory or "magic bullets" explain the findings. In the fifth hypothesis, the test results showed that from the perspective of the sample, street violence is very prevalent among children and adolescents in Mazandaran province. In the latest research; Ahmadi et al. (2017) found that the variables of age, degree of traditionalism, religiosity, degree of sexuality, and cultural poverty had an impact on sexual harassment, and among them, the variable of cultural poverty in the field of cultural consumption had a greater effect on harassment. Bandura's theory of social learning, Edwin Sutherland's theory of "differential companionship", Cohen's theory of the "subculture of crime and perversion", Coleman's theory of "social capital", Bruce Cohen's theory of "moral culture", Wolfgang and Fracotti (1967). Theory of Social Control by Albert Hunter and Harden (1997) and Hirsch (2001), Theory of Literature by Brown and Levinson, Theories of Vandalism, Theories of Bullying (Sutton (Mentality) (1999), Dodge (1989) Arsino and Lameris (2001)'s theory of "moral growth" and Nishna (2001)'s theory of "social domination" were used to explain the phenomenon of street violence. The sixth hypothesis of the study showed that according to the sample of the present study, the most important factor in delinquency of children and adolescents in Mazandaran province is the variable of family upbringing and ethics, and in the next stage, family supervision and control and then family economy are mentioned. Also in the present study, delinquency prevention strategies from the perspective of the sample were discussed in the descriptive questions section. According to the views and opinions of judicial officials, social workers and school principals, the most important ways to prevent juvenile delinquency in order of priority were: fruitful leisure, vocational skills training and eliminating unemployment, behavioral skills training, proper family control, Control and role of government, familiarity and mastery of the family in cyberspace, proper nutrition and elimination of iron deficiency, greater control and functioning of the police, economic support, elimination of poverty and class distance, and control and role of school. The methods of crime prevention proposed by the sample can be included in the category of social prevention and its developmental and social forms.
Method: The present study is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection method and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study includes judicial officials, school principals and social workers in Mazandaran province. According to Cochran's formula, 384 people were considered as a statistical sample, and this number was selected by cluster random sampling.
Results: The results of Chi-square and Friedman tests showed that from the perspective of the sample, family economic status, family supervision and control, and family moral and educational patterns are effective on juvenile delinquency. According to them, children and adolescents have the highest tendency to commit crimes related to public decency and defamation in cyberspace, and also the highest crime rate of children and adolescents is related to street violence. Finally, the factors affecting the delinquency of children and adolescents in Mazandaran province from the perspective of the sample had a different priority and the type of education and family ethics was considered the most important variable affecting the dependent variable.
Discussion: The results showed that all six research hypotheses were confirmed and generalized to the statistical population. The first hypothesis stated that from the perspective of the sample, the economic situation of the family has a great impact on the delinquency of children and adolescents. Variable components of family economic status also have different prioritization in terms of impact. The result of this part of the study is consistent with the results of several studies. Regarding the second hypothesis and the principle of family supervision and control over juvenile delinquency, several indicators have been mentioned in the research. The test of the third hypothesis showed that from the perspective of the sample, there is a relationship between family moral and educational patterns and delinquency of children and adolescents in Mazandaran province and this variable explains delinquency. The results also showed that from the perspective of the sample studied, the variables of moral and educational patterns of the family have different priorities in terms of affecting the delinquency variable. In the fourth hypothesis, it was concluded that from the point of view of the sample, child and adolescent users of cyberspace in Mazandaran province have a high tendency to commit crimes related to public decency and defamation. Variables such as "transcendence", "high accessibility", "interactivity", "multimedia", "fluidity", "augmentation of reality" and "anonymity" have given a huge force to cyberspace (Ahmadi et al., 1396). Functionalist views, Giddens' "unbridled world", Habermas' "public sphere", Castells' "virtual communication", Katz and Blamer's theory of "use and satisfaction", Theodore Adreno's theory of "cultural industries" and Injection Needle Theory or "magic bullets" explain the findings. In the fifth hypothesis, the test results showed that from the perspective of the sample, street violence is very prevalent among children and adolescents in Mazandaran province. In the latest research; Ahmadi et al. (2017) found that the variables of age, degree of traditionalism, religiosity, degree of sexuality, and cultural poverty had an impact on sexual harassment, and among them, the variable of cultural poverty in the field of cultural consumption had a greater effect on harassment. Bandura's theory of social learning, Edwin Sutherland's theory of "differential companionship", Cohen's theory of the "subculture of crime and perversion", Coleman's theory of "social capital", Bruce Cohen's theory of "moral culture", Wolfgang and Fracotti (1967). Theory of Social Control by Albert Hunter and Harden (1997) and Hirsch (2001), Theory of Literature by Brown and Levinson, Theories of Vandalism, Theories of Bullying (Sutton (Mentality) (1999), Dodge (1989) Arsino and Lameris (2001)'s theory of "moral growth" and Nishna (2001)'s theory of "social domination" were used to explain the phenomenon of street violence. The sixth hypothesis of the study showed that according to the sample of the present study, the most important factor in delinquency of children and adolescents in Mazandaran province is the variable of family upbringing and ethics, and in the next stage, family supervision and control and then family economy are mentioned. Also in the present study, delinquency prevention strategies from the perspective of the sample were discussed in the descriptive questions section. According to the views and opinions of judicial officials, social workers and school principals, the most important ways to prevent juvenile delinquency in order of priority were: fruitful leisure, vocational skills training and eliminating unemployment, behavioral skills training, proper family control, Control and role of government, familiarity and mastery of the family in cyberspace, proper nutrition and elimination of iron deficiency, greater control and functioning of the police, economic support, elimination of poverty and class distance, and control and role of school. The methods of crime prevention proposed by the sample can be included in the category of social prevention and its developmental and social forms.
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Received: 2020/09/14 | Accepted: 2021/10/20 | Published: 2022/05/13
Received: 2020/09/14 | Accepted: 2021/10/20 | Published: 2022/05/13
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