Abstract: (117 Views)
Introduction: In order to achieve a higher level of development, countries usually support rapid economic growth policies, which have left many environmental effects, especially for oil-exporting countries. On the other hand, environmental degradation also affects health and human development. Therefore, it is very necessary to investigate the relationship between human development, environmental degradation, and health costs for policy-making. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic relationship between health expenditures, carbon dioxide emissions, and the human development index for OPEC member countries.
Method: This was a descriptive-analytical and applied study that was conducted at the international level using the panel data of 12 OPEC member countries during the period of 2000-2020 and with the econometric method of the vector error correction mechanism in Eviews 10 software.
Findings: The results showed that there is a causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and the human development index. The increase in carbon dioxide emissions leads to an increase in health care costs and decrease in the human development index. Also, an increase in health costs led to an increase in the human development index.
Discussion: In oil-exporting countries, the increase in carbon dioxide emissions leads to decrease in the human development index; Therefore, in order to reduce environmental effects in the path of development goals, it is necessary to use clean technologies in production processes. Also, countries should drastically reduce the use of carbon energy sources and increase the share of renewable sources in their energy mix to preserve the ecosystem and increase the quality of life.
Method: This was a descriptive-analytical and applied study that was conducted at the international level using the panel data of 12 OPEC member countries during the period of 2000-2020 and with the econometric method of the vector error correction mechanism in Eviews 10 software.
Findings: The results showed that there is a causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and the human development index. The increase in carbon dioxide emissions leads to an increase in health care costs and decrease in the human development index. Also, an increase in health costs led to an increase in the human development index.
Discussion: In oil-exporting countries, the increase in carbon dioxide emissions leads to decrease in the human development index; Therefore, in order to reduce environmental effects in the path of development goals, it is necessary to use clean technologies in production processes. Also, countries should drastically reduce the use of carbon energy sources and increase the share of renewable sources in their energy mix to preserve the ecosystem and increase the quality of life.
Article number: 1
Type of Study: orginal |
Received: 2023/11/20 | Accepted: 2024/09/1 | Published: 2025/04/4
Received: 2023/11/20 | Accepted: 2024/09/1 | Published: 2025/04/4
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Social Welfare Quarterly
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