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Objectives: The theory of good governance is a new paradigm in economic development which has been considered by the mid of 1990s, The experience of transition economies in Eastern Europe and former Soviet :::::union::::: as well as financial crisis in the world economy during two recent decades make clear the necessity of a new paradigm for development policy. After reviewing these experiences, this article focuses on the difference between good governance and structural adjustment policy. Method: This research attempts to review the literature of good governance theories and presents the evolution of economic development paradigm. Finding & Result: The political and economic competition and accountability are main strategies for improving governance. A better governance demands social and economic as well as local and national polices which discussed in this article.

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Objectives: Illicit drug use has been a continuous problem in Iran despite efforts to curb it. Researcher has looked into the relationship that exists between influential social factors and addiction. This is a summary of an extended research on sociological study of drug related crimes in Mazandaran Province. The main focus of the study has been to identify and analyze the social correlates of drug related crimes rate. It is an established fact that drug addiction has been increased in Mazandaran Province in the recent years. The researcher has been designed on the base of response to this question "what are the causes of drug related crimes rate variations among cities of Mazandaran Province?" Method: The research unit of analysis is city and all cities of Mazandaran Province between 1375 -1380 have been studied and analyzed. The hypotheses are based on research theoretical framework. The research method of study was longitudinal-comparative method, based on secondary data. The data were secondary, cross-sectional data that relied on the Police Headquarters data. The data were later transferred to a statistical program to conduct data manipulation and statistical analysis. In order to perform the data analysis the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13 was used. Findings: The results show that there is a significant relationship between smugglers and drug addiction rate. A variable that frequently appeared as significant on the analyses was availability of drugs. Caution should be used when interpreting such significance since this variable is closely related to other variables and might be capturing the same effect as others. Finding a significant relationship would serve to establish the factors leading to problematic behavior and to improve existing programs for treatment and prevention. The findings of this study provide an insight as to other concurrent factors that affect illicit drug use. Results: Theoretically, the study has been based on structural functionalism approach. The purpose of this study was to establish if there was an association between social factors in macro level and illicit drug use in Mazandaran province. Five of the hypotheses proved statistically significant, they include: effect of smuggler’s activity rate on drug addiction rate, effect of availability of drugs on drug addiction rate, effects of urbanity and availability of drugs on social disorganization, and the effect of smuggler’s activity rate on availability of drugs. The two hypotheses that were not statistically significant are the effect of the urbanity and social disorganization on drug addiction rate. Path analysis results indicate that availability of drugs, smuggler’s activity, urbanism and social disorganization variables are the most important variables for explanation of drug related crimes in Mazandaran Province, respectively. Several implications can be derived from this study one of such public implications is the modification of preventive programs designed to reduce illicit drug use.

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Objectives: the main objective of this essay is the inquiry quality of life in content Iran's Development Programs. The article is started with inquiry origin discussion quality of life. This consider in a point of start has orientated to approaches material and economic, that it then find social conceptual. It includes subjects such as distribution output growth economic and survival natural sources and environment. After 1990 decade the discussion about quality of life focused on social constructs such as social capital, social solidarity, social justice and social exclusion. In this essay than inquiry dimensions conceptual and theoretical quality of life in frame two approaches agency and structural. Because this concept can see as individual's character and society's character. Therefore quality of life includes social structure and individuals' position that cover three components socio-economic security, social solidity and sustainability. Method: In this article with point of subject's nature and accessible material that are documentaries about development programs, the used methods are comparative and content analysis technique. The analysis unit is themes in contexts and documentaries programs. Findings: The concept quality of life as certain applied in the fifth program before revolution. This concept in revised program extended and included development participatory institutions and decentralizing. However because of domination approaches economical growth in programs there are more consider to individual themes quality of life. In the third and fourth programs after revolution propounded concepts like citizenship, empowerment and social capital. In the basics theoretical the fourth program after revolution attend to quality of life under three field of protective needs, environmental needs and basic needs. The quality of life in this program is more comprehensive that includes society's objective situation and individuals' subjective conception in everyday life. Results: Not at all in programs be upgraded social and welfare affaires to policing level and the most of them have social services position.. They see social problems of economic perspective and have been searched economic solutions for them. Iran's Developments Programs have been under effects of world's situations and patterns. Formulated Programs after revolution contains less characters of human and social development. They have been influenced of World Bank and International Money Fund's policies and government's changes that have effected on executive of programs.

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Objective: we measured concept of bridging social capital by a new tool . All items used in the scale are in agreement with the theoretical literature on this concept. Method: The research method was survey. The sample population was 376 students of Isfahan university which were sampled through cluster sampling of multiple stages. After making a list and confirming the validity of questions by professors of social work and sociology, its reliability was confirmed through cronbach alpha coefficient. Findings: Bridging social capital must be measured in three different dimensions: Different Interests, Different Lifestyle , and outgroups. Results: Our scale is not only highly reliable, but also valid.

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Background: Theoretically, a vital factor in development has been the resilience and strength of socio-economic system to confront instabilities and crises. The precaution, however, is that an error might be committed, where, instead of finding the root causes of diseases we are mobilizing the forces to confront the signs of illness, leaving the diseases to grow and damage the lesser developed sectors and areas. Research Method: We have tried to illustrate analytically the negative impact of shocks going to be injected to energy derivatives emphasizing mainly on agricultural sector and evaluating it in terms of social justice. Findings & Results: Shock therapy in agricultural sector is a baseless attempt and would not lead to the expected result. However, due to certain reasons that I have classified them under five headings showing that agriculture sector being inflexible enough and highly sensitive to outside shocks. It may generate instabilities of various kinds leading to deterioration of economic welfare and stagnatory tendencies in national economy. We have discussed the main reasons for such anemia and revealing reasons for such baseless impression to regard it a step towards social justice. In the end, in order to avoid such shock therapy we have given some suggestions which the most important among them are giving Priority to non-price variables, and paying more attention to the vulnerability of agriculture sector and rural development and its structural and institutional requisities.

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Objective: Entrepreneurship is a process which is taken place in a changeable network of social relations, these relations can limit or facilitate the relationship of entrepreneurship with resources and opportunities.yet most of researches has been done are a types of personal attributes indicating type of enterpreneuer that has criticized be cause of non attention to social relationship and social capital . Studies and empirical witnesses have shown that in today’s Iranian society, putting aside political, economic, and legal and management factors, for many different reasons, entrepreneurs are not successful and this possibly is rooted in different socio-cultural reasons among which ignorance of social relations and connections can be named. Accordingly present research considers surveying the social capital effect on entrepreneurship as one of the different forms of capitals in world bank categorization as a factor of social growth and development specially in developing societies. Method: Surveying the degree of social capitals effect and its different aspects over entrepreneurship, surveying the weakness and strong of under study society from social capital and entrepreneurship point of view and providing suggestions for increasing the social capital effect over entrepreneurship are among the most important purposes of this study. The Hypotheses were tested through Freedman and Regression tests. Finding and conclusion: The research has shown a positive and meaningful relation between social capital and its aspects and entrepreneurship. Moreover in this study is shown that the social capitals quality aspect, in the under study it society is more important and its correlation index is higher than other factors. In entrepreneurship its risk indicator has the highest priority, too. In addition the research results show that the relationship structure indicator has the highest effect over the entrepreneurship and connection indicator has the lowest effect and creativity and independence indicators (from entrepreneurship) are affected by none of the social capitals indicators.

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Introduction: Health is a foundation of community economic - social growth, It is the universal right. Health programs for creating high quality living with physical and mental health for all citizens is a principle of development plan in any society. Enjoyment of health services for promotion and improvement of health is one of the most important elements of any society. Therefore, health assessment is essential for the healthy appropriate planning. Method: the research purpose is to examine the relationship health level with the level of health services in townships of Khorasan Razavi province. In other words, The main issue of the research is whether increasing or decreasing of health level (including level of physical health and personal health) can consider as the level of health services (including the three variables of reproductive health, immunization and access to medical services?) In order to, achieving the objective, the following main hypotheses and five sub hypotheses between exogenous latent variables and endogenous latent variable are tested: -The main hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between health services (reproductive health, health services and immunization) (exogenous latent variables) and level of health (physical health and personal health) (endogenous latent variable). - Sub hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between access to health services and level of physical health. - Sub hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between access to health services and level of personal health. - Sub hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between immunization and level of physical health. - Sub hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between immunization and level of personal health. - Sub hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between reproductive health and level of personal health. The Research methodology is Descriptive, analysis and correlation based on statistical data. For explaining the relationship between Causal variables of model, the raw data from General Population and Housing Census, Statistical Yearbook and Health and Medical Sciences Organization of province were used. This data was gathered in townships of Khorasan Razavi province. To examine the hypothesis or modeling relationship between health services and health level is used structural equation model-LISREL. Findings: Results show that relationship between reproductive health, health services and immunization facilities in the townships and the level of health and safety of the townships in alpha level 0.05 is significant (Sig= 0.00), This means that the health promotion related to promotion of health and medical services, and the townships with more health and medical services have high health level than others. And the townships with less health and medical services have less health level. Discussion: Therefore, the financing and health services for citizens, improvement of infrastructure and resources types is important for health promotion. Keywords: Access to Health Services Structural Equation Model- LISREL, Health level, Razavi Khorasan Province

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Introduction: Reproduction of social capital as a set of norms and interaction is facilitating social relationships and indicator of health or sickness of society. Blindness and low vision as an individual characteristic can be decisive impact on how to achieve the family goals and As a result, social capital.
Method: The study was conducted on the impact of visual impairment on family social capital And information collected between blind and sighted partners in the city of Kashan and Aran Bidgol with survey questionnaire  Finally, compared with sighted partners.
Results: Based on these findings, between housing performance and the outer structure social capital of the blind partners is a significant difference. So Between school performance and  internal cognitive social capital of the blind partners is significant difference. Between income and internal structural social capital and   outside cognitive of the Blind Husbands is a significant difference. Finally ,between  the number of childrens and external and internal cognitive social capital and  internal structural of Blind Husbands is significant difference.
Discussion: According to the results of research, vision situation have decisive impact on family social capital and in particular blindness reduces the family's social capital.In contrast, factors such as level of education, level of income, housing status are factors that reduce the negative effects on family social capital. So have plans and strategies in the areas of housing status, income level and so smoothing educational problems of blind people so that social capital rise to their families.

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Introduction: Managing and dealing with the risks of the economic activity, income security in retirement period and job security are one of the most important requirements for absorbing labor force in agricultural and rural activities. Although the social insurance fund has been established for more than a decade for farmers, villagers and nomads, only a few percent of considered goal mentioned is achieved in noteClause 2, aArticle 3, ofin the structure of the comprehensive welfare and social security law rule that has wasbeen confirmed in 1383 has been achieved., and Aalso, a remarkable part of the people couldn’t use these services. Based on this nNote, the government was obliged within two years from the date of notification of this law to cover fFarmers, villagers, and nomads under insurance. It seems that the social insurance fund for farmers, villagers, and nomads has faced many challenges in attracting maximum participation. In this regard, the current qualitative study has analyzed the obstacles challengingfacing the development of social insurance in Kermanshah and finally provided some solutions for them.
Method: Current qualitative research, studies the obstacles facing the development of social insurance among farmers, villagers, and nomads in Kermanshah city using by Grounded theory in Kermanshah city. The studied population was chosen among fund brokers and rural people by theoretical and purposive sampling in Kermanshah city. In order to collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. Validity and reliability of data were approved by using triangulation and participants’ feedback.      
Findings: Findings showed that the main obstacles in developing social insurance were organized in 5 categories. These categories are: “structural constraints”, “administrative barriers”, “economic constraints”, “socio-cultural barriers” and “motivational barriers”.
Discussion: The results indicated that structural barriers were recognized as the main obstacle to the development of social insurance among farmers, villagers, and nomads.  This problem was obtained from concepts such as criterion weaknesses, poor organization of the rural labor force and inadequate coverage of rural and nomadic services.

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Short Abstract
Since the school years are considered as periods of human development, school environment is a convenient setting for grading health, self-esteem, life skills, and good behavior. The aim of this research was to provide a mental well-being pattern based on educational, social, emotional, physical, and security climate of school through mediation of academic resilience. This research in terms of the purpose and the nature is, respectively, fundamental and descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all first grade high school female students in public schools of Tehran in the academic year of 1396-1397, in districts 2, 7, 11 and 18. The statistical sample consisted of 630 students. Sampling method is a multi-stage clustering method. The data gathering tool includes the questionnaires of 2015 school climate, mental well-being (2003), and Academic Resilience scale (ARI) (2004). The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS softwares and structural coefficient equations. The results showed that the direct path between the school climate and resilience was positive and significant. Moreover, a positive direct relationship between school climate and resilience was found. Apart from that, a significant indirect relationship between school climate and mental well-being with resilience mediation was observed. Finally, it was found that the direct path coefficient between resilience and mental well-being is positive and significant.
Therefore, it was concluded that school is the most important place for promoting health among adolescents.
 

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Abstract
Introduction: This study investigates the factors affecting crime in the Harandi neighborhood of Tehran. 
Method: The present study was conducted using case study method. Research data was collected through various data gathering methods, such as surveys, secondary data, previous studies, and observations. In order to investigate some causal factors and mechanisms of the theoretical model, 370 residents were selected using random sampling method, and survey questionnaires were distributed among them.
Findings: The results show that the structural characteristics of the neighborhood such as poverty, residential instability, ethnic heterogeneity, mixed land use patterns, disrupted structures caused by weakening social relations, the power of the dominant culture and increasing number of disorders, shaping the cultural framework of legal cynicism, and undermining collective efficacy led to crime-ridden neighborhood. In other words, the Harandi neighborhood has become crime-ridden because the neighborhood’s collective efficacy or self-regulation capacity has been disrupted. Under these circumstances, residents would not be able to to mobilize their resources to fight against crime through informal and formal processes.
 Discussion: The findings imply a set of factors that weakened collective efficacy and self-regulatory capacity has made Harandi neighborhood become crime-ridden. Crime has also, under some circumstances, enhanced collective efficiency and in some sections of the neighborhood has weakened community life and collective efficiency

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Introduction: Various efforts have been made to control addiction as an important social issue in the country. The key question is why most policies and programs have failed to produce good results. One of the assumptions of this research is that we are faced with a lack of understanding of the phenomenon of addiction and theoretical basis of policies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop the theory of addiction and to emphasize the place of the sociology of addiction in planning related to this issue. 
Method: The research method was qualitative and the Charmazian version of GTM was used in order to generate new ideas and interpretations. Ideas from lived experience became prelude to reviewing sociological theories and discovering new ideas and interpretations. Then, these interpretations and ideas as the focus of this research were reviewed from the perspective of the main actors, authorities, and informants in the field of addiction, and some of them were approved. 
Findings: Structural and systematic dynamics of addiction, importance of structure in addiction, structural functions of addiction, stress management system, addicts subculture role and rituals in addiction structure, importance of drugs efficacy and speed, and importance of unintended consequences of intellectual action in structuring addiction, etc. are the major theoretical findings of this study.
Discussion: The results of the research showed that existing theories could not simultaneously understand the mechanisms of the tendency of people to addictive substances and their dynamism and system functions. These theories believe in the dishonesty of other systems, but do not add to the alternative and positive functions of addiction in the current situation the addiction system compensates for the failures caused by the dysfunction of other systems and structurally designed to balance the dynamics in the macro social system functioning.

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Introduction: The dream of any organization is to have superior performance Employee. Employee flourishing has been the focus of positive results for Employees and the organization. The purpose of the present study is to design a model of employee flourishing in organizational life with a structural-interpretive modeling approach.
Method: This research is fundamental-applied in terms of the research audience, descriptive in terms of the purpose of the research and cross-sectional in terms of research time. Finally, in terms of data collection method, it is a mixed research and survey. The statistical population of the study was experts and employees of Lorestan Social Security Organization, whose number was reported to be 150 people. Based on specific criteria, 15 people were selected as experts by non-probability judgment method. To identify the components of prosperity, while using previous studies, interviews were conducted with experts (4 people) and staff (3 people). After identifying the factors and designing the research questionnaire, the questionnaire was given to 15 experts..
 Results: 22 factors were identified as factors in the employees flourishing in the organization and a research questionnaire was designed based on it. The results of ISM test showed that 22 factors fall into five levels. MICMAC test results showed that factors such as organizational support, self-efficacy, organization management, appropriate service compensation, proportionate workload, work-to-home interaction, organization-person fit, person-to-job fit, co-workers Citizenship behavior and Effective organizational communication have an independent role in research and include factors such as job security, job satisfaction, career path development, knowledge-based organizational culture, professional competencies, personal development, relevant training, employee hope, optimism, emotional well-being, and Social well-being are the dependent factors.
Discussion: Employee flourishing is influenced by various factors such as organizational management, organizational support, organizational communication, job fit, self-efficacy, and so on. Organizations can help their flourishing by recognizing the factors affecting the flourishing of employees and trying to strengthen the positive factors and reduce the negative factors. People who are flourishing, experience a high level of mental health that will lead to positive performance in the workplace.

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Introduction: Considering the importance of driving and the resulting injuries, we can point to the relationship between human characteristics and driving behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a structural model of driving behaviors on the basis of aggression mediated by emotion regulation.  
Method: This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of quantitative methods of data collection. The statistical population of this study includes 917 drivers from Tehran, West Azerbaijan, and Kurdistan provinces who were selected and evaluated by cluster sampling method. Data collection tools were Manchester (1990) driving behavior questionnaire, aggression 30 factors (1379) and   Grass and John’s (1998) emotion regulation.
Findings: The results of the analysis structural equation showed that the measurement models of the studied variables and the final model of the research had a good fit. Aggression also had a direct effect on driving behavior of drivers. The emotion regulation variable was able to mediate between aggression and driving behavior.
Discussion: the structure of emotion regulation can be used to explain the relationship between aggression and driving behaviors. It is suggested that in order to improve the driving situation and reduce the number of accidents, the criteria and rules for obtaining a driver’s license should be reviewed in accordance with the topics of aggression and emotional behaviors. Accordingly, ounseling and training programs should be developed and introduced to Drivers.

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Introduction: Social welfare is fundamentally tied to household consumption patterns and income levels, where enhanced consumption conditions can elevate overall societal well-being. This study investigates how exchange rate fluctuations differentially affect: (1) price levels of goods and services consumed by various income groups, and (2) average income across deciles in both urban and rural regions of Iran, analyzing both the direction and magnitude of these impacts.
Method: Using a simple linear model and the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) technique, this study analyzes the variance in consumer goods and services costs and average income of income groups. The impact of exchange rate shocks (IRF) is evaluated using annual data from 1363  to 1401 (1984–2022), with a one-period lag considered.
Findings: The Johansen cointegration test confirms a statistically significant long-run equilibrium relationship at the 5% significance level. The empirical results demonstrate that a 1% increase in the exchange rate leads to a 0.72% decline in social welfare. During the observation period, exchange rate volatility exerted its most pronounced impact on expenditure categories for education, healthcare, and communication services across both urban and rural regions.
Discussion: Rising exchange rates and declining national currency value impose substantial cost burdens on households, threatening essential expenses like education and health. Exchange rate impacts on communication costs are also significant, necessitating greater attention from policymakers.