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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mental health of adolescents and young people in Tehran. The sample included 464 girls and boys from age 15-30 years. The GHQ-28 scale designed by Goldberg and Hiller (1979) used for screening the mental illness people from normal ones. This test composed of 4 subscales: anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder, social dysfunction and depression disorder. The result of this study indicates that 29.3 percent of people have mental illness, and there is a significant difference between males and Females and between single people and married people. Also there is a correlation between age and mental health and the most prevalence disorder is social dysfunction.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of suicide thoughts and suicide attempts among young female students in "at risk provinces" of Iran. Considering the rate of completed suicide in the year 2002, three provinces which had the highest rate of completed suicide were chosen. Then from among the young females aged 14 to 21 years old from the four cities (N=65, 887, M=16.27 SD=1.30) a sample of female were selected in two stages by multi-clustral and simple sampling methods. The data was gathered by administering: (1) Demographic questionnaire, (2) Depressive Symptom Index-Suicidality Subscale and (3) The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale-Suicidality Screening Items and (4) four items for assessing suicide attempt (developed by the authors counsidering the calculated cut off points of the scales and the point prevalence of suicide thoughts and attempts were estimated. The high rates of suicide thoughts and suicide attempts highlight the importance and necessity of improving prevention programs.

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The social psychologist do emphasize on the pressure which are bread from related group, peers, and they will show the influence of conquering norms of the families, peers group in their researches. It is obvious that youth are pressed for conformity with values and norms of related groups. Sometimes norms and values of two groups are concordant, sometimes are in contrast, and each group presses the youth for conformity (Sekhavat, 1369:23). In this research which the goals are recognizing the impression of companionship with bad command group and their tendency to drug addiction which shown in a cross – sectional study that include 99 young addicts and the same size of none addicted were 21,39, and the average age, to start using drug for the first time was 19,7. there were 60,6% addiction among families and relatives of the youth who wrer drug addicted, and in control group it was 40,4%. Meantime 12,1% of the father and 11,1% of brothers in addicted young people were also drug, but in none addicted family the percentage was only 6% of the fathers & 1% of the brothers was reported. The average of smoking & 1% of the friends, addicted friends and thief friend among addicted young people were 7,38, 4,31, 2,08 in comparison with control groups which the percentage was (1,54, 5,19, 0,04) and shows a significant difference. The point is that 64,6% addicted said that for the first time they were given drugs by their friends whereas 87,9% of none addicted people don’t have any addicted friends. But 89.9 percentage of addict people said. They had addicted friends.

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Objectives: The present study seeks to describe gender-related attitude of young men and women of Mazandaran province, and also to explain associations between this attitude and some socio-familial factors. Method: The study is conducted via survey method and data has been collected through self-administered questionnaire. The subjects of the study were 425 young men and women who were under training in the Vocational Training Centers in the Mazandaran province. Gender-related attitude is considered as dependent variable and measured with an investigator-made scale based on 12 questions concerning roles, tasks, and positions of men and women in the family and society. Some of these questions, for example, were about governing of important issues in the society, doing intellectual works, women employment, full obedience of women from men, management ability of women, etc. The overall reliability coefficient for the scale was .902, indicating very high internal consistency of the scale. Some socio-demographic and socio-familial factors (such as gender, place of residence, marital status, age groups, level of education, employment status, job-related attitude, and type of parents' behavior at home) have been treated as independent variables. To analyze the collected data, SPSS (version.12) has been applied. Findings: The findings of the study indicated that the respondents were young men and women (16-25 years old), who mainly were residents of urban areas, unmarried, and educated nearly between 10-12 years (up to Diploma). These respondents mainly were unemployed, belonged to large-size and low/medium socio-economic status families. Furthermore, the study concluded that there are some significant differences between men and women respondents concerning gender-related attitude For instance, 57/9 percent of men as compared to 17/2 percent of women were agreed that important issues of society have to be deposited only to men or 53/4 percent of men as compared to 8/6 percent of women were believed that women have to obey men in the personal and familial life. Furthermore, 20/8 percent of men as compared to 75/1 percent of women were disagreed that men managers are successful than women managers. These different distributions of beliefs concerning roles, tasks, and positions of each gender in the family and society, can be an index of different gender-related attitudes of young respondents. Results: men as compared to women had reported more patriarchic attitudes (traditional attitude towards gender roles and relations). Namely, on the whole, men were believed that a) important issues of the society have to be governed by men b) women's ability in the intellectual activities, management, employment, settlement of personal and social problems is less than men c) women have to work at home as a housekeeper only, or in such jobs as teaching and nursing and finally d) women have to obey men in the personal and familial life. In contrast, women's beliefs concerning gender-related attitudes were mostly opposed to men for example, they believed that women can govern important issues in the society their ability in intellectual activities, management, employment, settlement of personal and social problems is equal to men doing housework is not only women's obligation and they can be successful in all kind of jobs and finally women can disobey men. Moreover, residents of rural areas and unmarried persons as compared to their counterparts in urban areas and married ones have reported more patriarchic attitude. Applying T-test and ANOVA, some significant associations between gender-related attitude and some socio-demographic factors such as age groups, place of residence, marital status, level of education, and employment status have been observed. Finally, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that formation and expressing of gender-related attitude can be under influence of such variables as gender, job-related attitude, and type of parents' behavior at home. There was a very strong relationship (r= .739) between gender-related attitudes and these variables, and 54/5 percent of variations in dependent variable can be explained by these three independent variables. In the other words, young men, those respondents who were believed in traditional labor division (job-related attitude), and those respondents whom their parents were very severe and hard at home showed more patriarchic attitude than other respondents.

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Objective: The leisure time is appeared to be new social area which have been conceptualized and defined as product of modernity within the context of social and cultural changes and increasing consumption culture. The study of leisure time as a socio-cultural process and investigating its distinctions in terms of various patterns of social inequality is a novel interest in the sociology of leisure time. Therefore, regarding the young structure of Iranian population and the importance of inquiring social characteristics of leisure patterns, this paper concerns to study the patterns of management of leisure time and different forms of social inequality affecting it among Iranian young people (15-29 years old). Method: This study is based on secondary analysis of data extracted from the national survey of socio-economic characteristics of Iranian households in 2001 Statistics Center of Iran. Findings and Conclusion: The results emphasize on symbolic importance of leisure in youth lives and its significant relationship with the different forms of social inequality in society studied, that is, the context in which the youth have different access to leisure opportunities and chances, and the different styles of leisure are experiences in terms of the forms of social inequality such as spatial, gender, ethnic, and class inequalities.

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  Introduction: relatively young population of Iran , experiencing difficulties due to the Imposed War, embargos, and immigration to Tehran looking for a job, show the necessity of this research which is concerning the frequency and severity of psychopathology in unemployed young men of Tehran.

  Method: It has been a causal - comparative research. 229 employed and 248 unemployed 25-35 years old men in Tehran, were selected according to their ages, educations, and marital status, data has been gathered by using demographic questionnaire and SCL-90-R software Raw . Numbers and the means of the employed and unemployed groups were compared by "t -student". For evaluating the amount of severity and frequency of symptoms, "Chi- square", were used .The mean of the 9 dimensions and 3 general indices GSI, PST, and PSDI between two groups were compared.

  Findings: The mean values of all 9 dimensions of SCL-90-R and 3 general indices in unemployed group were significantly higher than the employed (p<0.95).The highest rate in the unemployed: obsession–compulsion scale (1.29), their lowest: 0.57 (sensitivity in reciprocal relations). The highest mean in the employed: obsession–compulsion scale (0.97) and their lowest in sensitivity in reciprocal relations scale(0.46).The frequency of psychopathological symptoms in the unemployed was 32%,and in the employee was 0.27. Severity of psychopathology in unemployed men were significantly more than employees.

Conclusion: The frequency and severity of psychopathological symptoms in the unemployed men is significantly higher than the employed .With respect to the unemployment regardless of being the cause or the effect, the young unemployed men need both a job and psychiatric treatment.

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Introduction: Body management is a means of continuous monitoring and manipulation of the apparent and visible features of the body. In this study, using indicators of control of physical condition, modification-based behaviors, health and beauty behaviors, nutrition style, cover behaviors as indicators Fundamental has become. The body is not just a biological and psychological being, but a phenomenon that is socially constructed and dealt with. Therefore, in every society of the human body, there is a physical reality and a social reality. The shape, size, clothing and adornment of the human body are a means of communicating and communicating with other members of the community, they can provide information about age, gender, social status, employment, and membership in a particular group. In general, we can say that the body is a culture and it represents the basic issues within that culture. In fact, in every society in its everyday life there is a certain culture that is distinct and different from the culture of other societies and even subcultures within a society, the body and how it manages in different dimensions depends on the cultural, social and religious norms of each Society has. So, it can be said that body management is not a personal issue, but a purely social and cultural issue, and various factors are affected. In sum, the body and how it is managed is the transient factor of social meaning, the creation of social connections, the emergence of identity and the representation of the inner beliefs and in general the sign of the individual and social personality of each human being.
Method: From the methods defined by the experts of social sciences, the method of this research should be considered as a survey. The statistical population of the study was the total number of 551653 young people aged 15-29 in Isfahan’s 14th district. The sampling method has been quoted in this research. The sample size according to the Cochran formula is 384. This sample size has been estimated with a probability of 0.05 error and 0.95 confidence level. We also consider the calculated q and p equally. Research hypotheses are based on the ideas of Anthony Giddens, Bourdieu, Gaffman, Grebner and Fredstone. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data. The adjusted questionnaire in this study consisted of 82 questions that included questions about general characteristics of respondents and questions and verbal questions about each of the variables in the form of a five- and six-degree spectrum and in the form of closed and re-design responses Has been. The research data were analyzed and analyzed using the advanced statistical software spss15. One of the essential conditions for the interpretation of the results is the value and reliability of the tools used in the research. Therefore, after designing the questionnaire and before finalizing it, it was felt necessary that the questionnaire used in the research in terms of reliability and validity To be The validity of the questions related to the structures was evaluated through the method of determining the content validity and by compiling the views of the judges and social scientists on the references (formal validity), and by compiling their comments, the edits were edited. . The reliability of the research is carried out in order to obtain the repeatability of the measurement instrument. In this study, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, which is the most accurate index of internal consistency of questions in a questionnaire, was carried out for 30 first questionnaires of the research, which are indispensable for the required indexes, hence the description and testing of relationships Variables are scientifically valid. In this research, descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics are used to test the relationships between variables, and in the further step it uses regression to express the relationship of variables.
Findings: In order to evaluate the body management variable, which is the dependent variable of the research, 30 items at the level of the level of measurement were used as a five-part spectrum. The score of 150 represents the highest level of body management and the score of 30 represents the lowest level of body management. The observed mean of body management variables for young girls was 101.87 and male youths were 86.47. Which indicates that young girls have had higher body management behaviors than young boys. Also, among the five dimensions of body management, the two following dimensions, the behavioral changes based on body correction and body health and body behaviors among young girls, are significantly different and higher than young boys. And in the case of three other dimensions, there was no significant difference between young girls and boys. The score of 25 indicates the highest level of behavior based on body correction and change, and the score of 5 indicates the lowest level of behavior based on body correction and change. The observed mean of behavior based on body correction and change is among young girls (14.33) and among young boys (7.04). This implies the emergence of normative pressure on young girls through the expectation that the community has “become beautiful” and “fit” to them. A score of 40 indicates the highest level of body health and body behaviors, and a score of 8 indicates the lowest level of body health and body behaviors. In the case of body health and body treatments, the average observed size of this dimension among young girls is 29.85 and is of a high level, indicating that young girls pay more attention to body health and body behaviors Is. And the average observed among young boys is 22/75, which is due to the younger attention of young boys to some body cosmetic behaviors. Based on the inferential results, the variables of social identity (r = 0.282), religious identity (r = 0.158), gender identity (r = .188), cultural capital (r = 234/0), level of education and management of the body Among the women, there was a significant correlation between social identities (r = 0.261), religious identity (r = 0.141), gender identity (r = 0.175) and body management among men You’ve been there. There was also a significant correlation between regression analysis between gender variables, social identity, cultural capital, attention and management among young people, and these variables were able to explain 0.476% of the variance in body management.
Discussion: According to the results of the research, young girls may be of particular importance to physical and physical appearances. In the present situation, the management of body and appearance is also very important for boys. Which is likely to be influenced by the features of modernity. Because in modernity, what we wear or what we decorate our body brings up a kind of central body idea that makes us and our personality. As a result, young girls care for and control over their lives that are under their control and power. The body of the carrier is identity for them. And that’s why it’s important to pay attention to physical appearances among girls. But based on the results of the boys, body management may be important because young boys like girls also want to open their own personal identity, which is somewhat different from the values and social norms of their surroundings.

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Introduction: In our current society, there is a lot of complexity and diversity of behavior, given that, sexual understanding is of the challenging issues for the young people, and young generation does not know how to deal with it. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the young people’s sexual understanding, so the purpose of this study was to explore their sexual understanding.
Method: Current research was conducted by adopting a phenomenological approach and with purpose of examining young people’s sexual understanding. Research method was qualitative that was carried out with 18 young people from Shiraz. Sampling method was purposeful and consistent with theoretical saturation logic. Data collection technique was semi-structured in-depth interview. After a deep exploration of the interviews, the themes were extracted and analyzed following King and Horrocks (2010) thematic analysis model.
Findings: The results indicated two main areas: sexual understanding and consequences of sexual understanding. Each includes the following conceptual categories. Sexual understanding had two domains of free-thinking and conservatism, the consequences of sexual understanding included three domains of individual, family, and social. The findings underscore the young people’s positive understanding toward cohabitation, and prefer these relationships to marriage and its difficult conditions.
Discussion: The findings emphasize that culture and family play a significant role in reinforcing or consolidating a person’s sexual understanding. Some young people have an abnormal understanding as regards sexual issues, which makes them look at sex more openly and then experience cohabitation, temporary marriage or nikah mut’ah and some other types of sexual relationships.