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  Introduction: In order to measure social welfare, economic indicators have traditionally been used. Underlying such measures is an approach which conceives social welfare as a one-dimensional phenomenon, namely the economic dimension. The objective of this paper is to introduce a new social welfare index (SWI) and its trend for Iran.

  Method: SWI was developed by OECD methodology of constructing composite indicators. Dimentions and indicators of SWI were selected with Delphi technique and were confirmed with exploratory factor analysis. It covers Economy, Health, Housing, Social Security, Education and Employment In this paper SWI as well as its trend have been measured for 1967-2011 in Iran. In order to estimate the trend of total SWI, we have used a uniform dimensions.

  Findings : The results show trend in SWI dissimilar to trend in en social welfare and IEWB. So that, changes in SWI trend, due to more and diverse dimensions, were more than changes in en social welfare and IEWB trend. Some events like a high inflation changes or non-economic indicators have created difference between SWI trend and en social welfare and IEWB. Also, based on SWI, best and worst performances were related to 2009 and 1995 respectively.

  Discussion : SWI represents the changes of the social welfare more accurately, due to more and diverse dimensions and indicators. Thus, it can be a more realistic measure of social welfare.

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Introduction: One of the major achievements of the 21^st century is increased longevity. But this phenomenon has caused many concerns. With the arrival of the new millennium, ageing has become a major issue in demographic and social policy. In Iran, according to the 1390 census, 6,159,676 people or 8.2% of the population are aged over 60 years old. On the other hand, the concept of social welfare is often described in terms of satisfying human needs. It can be seen as a mental state; it is happiness or life satisfaction. Social welfare has also defined as a function of health, education, security, freedom, the environment, leisure, housing, and almost all combinations of the above. Evaluation of social welfare is very important so that policy decisions, international comparisons,

indicators of poverty, and inequality researches continually refer to assessments of social welfare. Monitoring and evaluation of social policies for the elderly requires a comprehensive, and precise data that consider all aspects of their life. The aim of this study is a comprehensive review of related studies about measures of elderly social welfare and strives to provide a multi-dimensional index in the field of social welfare of the elderly.

Method: This study is a descriptive study based on review study. Papers that examined social welfare measures and indexes with regard to elderly were identified through online literature research both in English and Persian database. Quantitative studies were searched and downloaded from Medline (pub med), SID (Scientific Information Database, www.sid.ir), Iran doc (Iranian Research Institute for information Science and Technology, Irandoc.ac.ir), Iranmedex (www.iranmedex.com), Magiran (www.magiran.com) and Iranpsych (Iranian Databases on Mental Health, Psychiatric and Psychological Research, http://iranpsych.tums.ac.ir). The electronic search was performed with no specification of language including articles from 1990 to 1 June 2015. The keywords included Elderly, Old, Older, Aging, Well-being, Welfare, Index, Indicator and Iran. In this case, Boolean operators were used for combined search for the key words. After the initial search in data bases 326

articles were found. At each step of reviewing abstracts the articles that were irrelevant and repetitive removed. 34 studies related to social welfare index in elderly were included in the final review, which was related to the purpose of the study. Then the selected studies reviewed by two reviewers and were extracted dimensions, domains and indicators of social welfare in elderly people.

Findings: Reviewing the studies indicate that Iranian studies emphases on mental and psychological aspects of social welfare such as happiness, life satisfaction, well-being, mental health, depression, and mood. On the other hand non-Iranian studies emphases on different aspects of social welfare for the elderly such as social, economic, health and life conditions. 10 dimensions were identified in the 34 reviewed papers including: economics, physical, mental and social condition, employment, education, the environment, emotional status, leisure, and access to services, which having various components. Multidimensional approach has not been used in any of the studied papers so large portion of studies have emphasized on mental dimension. Also, the Iranian researches focus on the mental dimension generally, however relatively less research focuses on leisure, spirituality, and access to services. Furthermore, quality of life and health studies has higher frequency in this review.

Discussion: Paying more attention to the leisure, spirituality and access to services for the elderly are recommended in the future. In addition, the effect of new technologies, which ease the daily activities of elderly people, on social welfare should be considered in the future studies. We conclude that multidimensional and comprehensive index is potentially very useful for elderly policy and recommend researcher to improve them further. It is expected that the initial research, created the new areas for deeper investigation of this issue and provided field for Meta-analysis of studies related to this area. In general, the use of a composite index of social welfare of the elderly, due to the diverse and more dimension of elder people life, can give a broader and more comprehensive approach for analyzing social welfare issues in elder people.

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Introduction: Development is a multidimensional process that contains economic, social, cultural, and political aspects. Programs that have been implemented so far, have largely focused on economic growth and industrial development, and greatly neglected the social and cultural factors of growth. In this research, social development has been analyzed.
Method: Quantitative content analysis was implemented in this study. Social development has been examined by two indicators of welfare and humanitarian. The statistical population is the laws of the five development programs before the 1327-1356 (1979-1948) revolution and the laws of the five development plans after the 1368-1394 (1989-2015) Islamic Revolution. Since the materials of the research comprise all the laws of civic and developmental plans, there is no sampling in the research.
Findings: In the development laws before and after the Islamic Revolution, in the context of social development, the welfare indicators and humanitarian index of social development have been emphasized in each period. Before and after the Islamic Revolution, much attention has been paid to some of the humanitarian indicators of development that have received no attention (political and social Proliferation, equality of rights).
Discussion: In both of the pre and post-revolutionary plans, each plan had a greater emphasis on development indicators than the pre-growth plan. But what is clear is the fact that from the perspective of development planners in Iran, social development means addressing one of its dimensions, that is, visible and material indicators, while not paying attention to the human characteristics is one of the disincentives factors of development.
 

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The vector auto regression model was used to investigate the effect of real sector shocks on the social welfare in Iran during the period of 1980-2019.The results of the impulse response test showed that the Amartya Sen welfare index showed a rapid response to the shocks of total factor productivity growth in the first period, which had a zero effect over time. The utility-oriented welfare index reacts positively to the shocks of total factor productivity growth in the first period, which has decreased from the second period and has become negative even from the fifth period. Amartya Sen Welfare Index and utility-oriented welfare index shows a positive and rapid response to real GDP per capita shocks in the first period, which is adjusted over time, and from the seventh period. The Amartyasen Welfare Index reacts negatively to oil revenue shocks and is very weak. If the utility-oriented welfare index shows a positive response in the first period, but in the following periods, its effect is adjusted and remains partially positive. Amartya Sen welfare index shows a leap and positive response to employment shocks from the first period and its trend continues and from the fifth period it continues in a positive and stable manner and the utility welfare index has a similar trend to Amartya Sen welfare index.
Discussion: In the Iranian economy, employment leads to increased social welfare, while in the long run, oil revenues, GDP per capita and growth in total factor productivity have led to a decrease in social welfare. Therefore, in the Iranian economy, creating employment and reducing unemployment is the most appropriate factor to increase welfare.