---

In recent years, we have witnessed the concept of social capital incorporated into academic discourse and scientific documentations in the sphere of sociology, social sciences, economic, and recently political sciences. The reason for the increasing focus on social capital is because of the role it plays in enhancing the ability of communities to manage and sustain the human, economic and environmental capitals. Social capital is addressed as a factor for the success of social welfare and social health programs. That is why social capital is included in more recent systems of social and development indicators by the world’s well-known organizations. This article is based on a comprehensive literature review chosen from the most recent publications which have played a key role in the development of tire concept of social capital. It begins with defining social capital and its main components. Common themes in the literature come next. After noting an initial summary of differences between human capital and social capital, it examines the conceptual framework of tire subject and finally discusses the relationship between social capital and social problems. The importance of trust in this process is also addressed.

---

Some people believe that some persons who breach Social Norms or commit a crime must be under some harder limitations in the society and they are not entitled to have all the Human Rights. But, we must deny this belief. Because, the right of the society to perform. Some restrictive provisions against the offenders does not mean that the society has the right to deprive them of Human Rights, but also, the society has a duty of respecting these rights.

One of the social groups, are the persons, who are labled of addiction. This lable, irrespective of Legal effects, because of society's negative opinion on addicts, in itself, is restrictive and when we consider it criminal, the limitations become twofold.

The case in this essay is, if the legislator is right to deprive the addicts from Human Rights Have Iranian Legislators respected addicts Human Rights? How much?  If not, why? Or the legislator, in practice, these rights And the provisions are not it contradiction with Human Rights.

---

Although sexual exploitation of women and children has a long history, but in the current decades it has been well shaped and become regular. In this paper, we ana¬lyze International Instruments and the national law of some countries that engaged in this global problem. It seems that with increasing of victims of these crimes, international instruments inclined to precise study of victims' right and necessity of their protection. This search based on two principles: "unconditional prohibi¬tion of sexual exploitation" and "necessity of protection of victims irrespective of their assent and nationality".

---

Objective: Social Security as an essential element for modern life, formed in follow of world wide evolutions in concepts of rights and political thoughts of governing. In spite of many researches in the field of social security from social, economic, political and historical view points, there were not often legal analyses in this matter. Method: The purpose of this paper is to study the social security creation and completion process according to the history of global conventions and provisions. Findings: There are two per-suppositions for this research: the relation between rights and duties, afterwards social security as one part of human rights.

---

Objective: One kind of violence that is rarely considered, because of social and cultural problems, is sexual violence against women. Separate discussion about this matter in criminological observations implicates increasing rate of sex crimes and necessity of special considerations. Method: The method of this research is descriptive and the purpose is criminological analyze of sexual violence against women and providing guideline in prevention such crimes. Findings: This paper indicates that the consent of victims has caused immune commitment of sexual crimes and uphill the prevention processes. Likewise, government shall take special attendance to victims of these crimes. Results: Preventing sexual crimes against women has some closest relations with culture. Then realizing delicate distinction between different categories of sex crimes victims is essential.

---

Objectives: The main aim goal of this paper is estimating level and distribution of Social capital (SC) in Iran’s provinces. in this research, first, I have reviewed about the theories of the social capital in order to find the best theoretical model for this research. Then, I estimated the amount of the social capital. Method: For this main, we have reviewed theoretical and empirical literature of human capital, and then we used Dugom Method for estimation the level and distribution of social capital in Iran’s Provinces. The Dogum Method has been formed three old methods of social capital estimation. We used latent variable, because social capital is a qualified variable. The study concludes that the social capital in Yazd province is more than other provinces of Iran. Results: The results show that there are positive relation between all of variable which are related to social capital and the formulation of social capital in Iran’s province except crime index

---

Objectives: In the recent century, most of the countries are increasingly developing, so it is necessary to know the development condition of country in order to compete internationally, and to access the development goals. Then in this paper we try to know development condition of Iran. Before 1970s income index has been used for the comparison of the performance of nations in social and economic areas. But this index doesn't consist of many aspects of human life. Looking for some corrections on the distortions imposed by the income index, the human development index (HDI) was created by economists Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Son in 1990 to aggregate two new dimensions to the problem: longevity and educational level of countries. Method: In this paper, we analyze the human development condition of Iran by computing HDI for all the provinces in years 1996 and 2001. The human development index (HDI) focuses on three measurable dimensions of human development: living a long and health life, being educated and having a decent standard of living. For each dimension, have been selected a suitable indicator. Adult literacy and combined cnrolment ratlos have been selected as indicators for the knowledge dimension, life expectancy at birth as the indicator for a healthy life and an adjusted GDP as the indicator for the standard of living. For each dimension, the value of the index is computed on a scale of 0-1 where 0 corresponds to the minimum, and 1 to the maximum assigned value for the corresponding indicator. The overall HDI is then determined as the arithmetic average of the three indices. The HDI clearly illustrates the distinction between income and human well-being. By measuring average achievements in health, education and income, HDI can give a more complete picture of the state of a country's development than can incomes alone. Findings: The findings show that the human development condition of Iran have been improved in 2001 in comparison with 1996 and received from 0.71 to 0.72. But this improvement is very low. In the human development dimensions, training index stands upper, but income index stands lower than the others. The analyses of the human development dimensions in the provinces also show that in the most of them this index has been improved. The most important factors of HDI improvement are the progresses that have happened in the education and sanitation facilities in 2001. Then Iran had put stop forward to progress the goals of human development in five years and to more suitable atmosphere for improving health and education level. According to the study, HDI of Khuzestan province had the highest growth rate, due to the highest growth rate of income index, In the studying years Tehran had more HDI, on the contrary, Sistan and Baluchestan province had lower HDI. HPI, which focuses on the proportion of people below a threshold level in basic dimensions of human development, reduced from 0.21 in 1996 to 0.15 in 2001. Then human poverty in Iran had been improved. Results: The results show that in spite of the progress in the Iran's human development, there are still many differences in the human development of the provinces because of unequally educational, sanitary and monetary facilities and HDI has not only increased in some provinces but also decreased.

---

Objectives: Quality of life is a complicated and multidimensional concept relevant to the demographic condition in a specific geographic scale which relies upon both the objective and subjective indicators. So the concept of the quality of life can be used as a powerful tool for supervise the community development planning as it covers different social, economic, environmental, and communal health caring aspects of the community. Present article aims at presenting a proper framework to measure the quality of life based upon human needs in the rural district of North Khaveh where the conceptual link between two different viewpoints in the area of the life quality, objective and subjective approach has been taken in to consideration. Meanwhile being acquainted with present quality of life, the relation between quality of life and socio-economic variables has also been measured. Method: Method of recent essay is descriptive-correlation. This empirical investigation was mainly based on primary data. Acquired data has been gained through verified questionnaire of the random sampling bulk of 210 persons out of the guardians of the families of the north khaveh district. In questionnaire tried is discussed both objective conditions of life and also satisfaction of the social, economic and environmental directions. Running Cornbach’s Alpha gave a reliability of 0.85% for the questionnaire which is statistically high enough. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, correlation, Pearson, Spearman, and multiple regressions were used for data analysis. Findings: The results indicate that general quality of life in the area under study has been poor. The maximum percent of good QOL (40 %) is belonging to Sarab Ghazanfar village, and its minimum (3.3%) is in Sarkhanjoob-e-Sofla village. In contrary the maximum percent of households that have poor QOL (60%) is belong to Sarkhanjoob-e-Sofla village and its minimum (8.3%) see in Sarab Ghazanfar village and out of eight correlated varieties, six variables like income of the family, infrastructure, education, participation, health and environmental quality have been specified as more then 85% factors affecting the quality of life in the area under study. Therefore, the concept of QOL can be used as a powerful tool for the monitoring of development plans in a society and authorities can use it to evaluate the effectiveness of development plans and policies because it embraces various social, economic, health and environmental dimensions. Results: In spite of the low indicators quality of life, the expectancy of rural households to improve of QOL in future is good, so that 55 percent of people as moderately and 40 percent has very expectancy to improve of theirs QOL in future. This matter related to the population young and the high literary levels in this area. Thus the development planning should be compatible to accessibility to local resources and objective and subjective needs of people which can help to improvement of rural QOL. To achieve that objective, the following actions should be taken in this area. The development planning of the study area should be done commensurate with the availability of the local resource and objective and subjective needs of the people

---

Objectives: Health is the base for socio-economic development and is the most important component of social welfare. Women’s health status, particularly, mothers’ health, is more vulnerable than men, in Iranian society. Evidences, resulted from different researches, indicate that health is related to socioeconomic determinants more than medical and nursing interventions. The term of Social Capital is a new concept in social sciences that during a short time, has been populated in literatures of social determinants of health. Social capital is consisting of the individual's participation in collective life and trust between them, which can enhance their human capital. In this article we looked the health as human capital. This study aims to explore relationships between individual measures of social capital and health, among mothers with children under age of 7 who attend the Abdolabad Health Site in south of Tehran. Methods: A cross- sectional design was used. 80 randomly samples were selected from mothers who attended to mentioned Health Site to attain preventive health services. Using “Shortened Version of Social Capital Assessment Tool” (SASCAT) we measured two basic dimensions of social capital: structural (group membership, social support and citizenship activities) and cognitive social capital (trust, social harmony, sense of belonging, sense of fairness). “SF-36” health questionnaire was used to measure two main components of health - physical and mental health – and also 8 health subscales: physical functioning(PF), role- limitations due to physical health problems(RP), bodily pain(BP), general health(GH), vitality(VT), social functioning(SF), role limitations due to emotional problems(RE) and mental health(MH). Partial Correlation Coefficient was applied to explore association between social capital and health. Findings: The study found low levels of group membership, social support and citizenship among the mothers. The findings indicate that, the study samples show medium scores of cognitive social capital and poor structural social capital. Mother's physical health was better than their mental health. The sample had the highest (best) mean scores for physical functioning (PF) and they showed the lowest (worst) mean scores for role limitations due to emotional problems (RE). Maternal cognitive social capital had statistically positive significant relationships with their physical health (r=0/45, p= 0/000) and also mental health (r=0/37, p= 0/001), but structural social capital had negative association with mental health(r=- 0/26, p= 0/027). Results: In this study, positive relationship between maternal cognitive social capital and their health was notable. We conclude that the quality of human relationships (cognitive social capital) play more effective role than the quantity of them in maternal health

---

Objectives: Injecting heroin is the most common documented reason for HIV infectious in IRAN. Drug Injection is the most common type of misusing opiate in homeless addicted persons. Different studies found that there are specific relationships between drug abuse, injecting with shared needles and other risky behaviors which are related to HIV infection and personality and behavioral characteristics such impulsivity.

Method: According to high prevalence of heroin injection in homeless opioid dependents in Tehran, Iranian Police Force in cooperation with Drug Court and Ministry of Health, systematic intervention in homeless people in city of Tehran’ project, perform a methadone maintenance program for these people for 3 months in Shafagh rehabilitation center. In duration of therapy, some serologic examinations were done for diagnose and perform next interventions because of acquisition of HIV Infectious. This research was designed to examine and compare of some behavioral scales between 2 groups (HIV⁺  and HIV^-) before accomplishment of therapy. 52 persons selected in this research (25 HIV⁺  and 27 HIV^-) and Barret Impulsiveness Scale, Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire, Delay Discounting Task, demographic information form and clinical interview performed for gathering databases.

Finding: HIV infectious was related to injection drug history; in addition, HIV infectious was related to prison history. The difference in impulsivity scale of Barret and Eysenck Questionnaires between 2 groups was significant.

Results: the high rate of impulsivity and probability of sharing needles in injection drug users in compare of other injection drug users leads to progressing AIDS. High rate of impulsivity and sharing needles are two most important anticipations for acquisition of AIDS.

---

Objectives: The data reported in child poverty, have been making a motivation for more attention to study about it, almost from the beginning of this century. With similar motivation, this study followed by review, "Theoretical Principles of child poverty" to this path, provides areas for future research. Method: Historical and theoretical studies conducted around the child poverty with regard to results of empirical studies and experiences of countries engaged in this topic. Findings: The child poverty describes under 18 years old people deprivation of material resources, emotional and spiritual need for survival, development and progress less than 18 years is. Results: In the definition of child poverty, rather than focus only on per capita income of households, children's rights violations should be considered. With such a definition: half the world's children live in poverty. Most poor children live in rural areas. Also, more girls than boys are at risk of poverty.

---

Objective: Today the Countries identify values, principles, rules, norms of human rights and the solution of guarantee a, execution and supervision on these by collection of documents. Doctrines, Practices and Institutions that have had it under the title of the international human rights. According to this system. in light of the total international regulations related to human rights, has established a system of protection that with all of principles and Institutions trying to use People from the global common values and to ensure respect for human beings. Formation of this system and international consensus on the values, principles. Rules and human rights norms has preceded the Universalization of human rights successfully. The who in this special protection principle of children against behaviors violated their rights as the most fundamental principle in the field any policy-making about the children in the first place what extent identified in the global level and second place recognized in the positive law. Today, with economic and social changes. under the influence of religions and changing attitude toward human societies in the thinkers’ efforts and social reformers, has been changed the kind Approaches compared to the “Children and “childhood’. This normative and scientitic change in the type of approach to the children of the second half the 20th century, under the influence of principles. rules. standards and norms human rights, has improved a lot. In a process that the ban on discrimination against them in enjoyment of human rights, due to his childhood, and the other hand, the recognition of the specific protection principle of children due to their vulnerable situation, is positioned. Method: this study, which will be done in the explanatory-analysis method, with comparative approach, will use of the international documents that acting by international and regional organizations and national legislation. Findings: in the light of formation of the international human rights of children, special protection of the children, identified and accepting the world. Also this principle has been accepted in the constitution acts in most countries in the world against the Islamic republic of Iran constitution. Enforcing family responsibilities, differential crirninalization and special penalization are the most important aspects of the special protection of children in welfare, civil and criminal law. Results: identifying the principle of the special protection of children in the all human rights documents (general, special, public, obligatory and unobligatory) demonstrate the global recognizing of this principle in the normative level. The reforming of the constitution in many countries to support the principle of the child protections has gone through as the main strategic foundation in the differential legislative policy against behaviors to violate the rights of children. The acceptance of this principle in the Islamic republic of Iran constitution will impress on the process of transferring and integration of t international criteria about the protection of children in special Iran positive acts. With regard to the enacted all the Iran penal code with Islamic principles based on the fourth article of Islamic republic of Iran constitution and because of the immethodical practical Iranian state and parliament in conditional supplement on the international conventions. Iran’s penal law convergence with the globalization process of criminal law in the field of child protection against victimization face with obstacles and limitations. But situating the most mechanisms of penal protection of children against victimization in the realm of tazzer and preventive punishment and existing of elements change and expediency society in this realm and human viewpoints, science based and Expediency oriented in Islam jurisprudence and focusing the Iranian legislative institutions to Human Rights and comparative penal law Studies and ratifying and approving the international documents (including human rights and has a streak merely penal content) in protection of child victim (especially in recent years) are the capacity and the necessity of Iran’s penal law convergence with the globalization process of criminal law in the field of child protection against victimization.

---

  Objectives: In the past decades, the experience of many countries has shown that economic growth is not in itself a comprehensive measure of the evaluation of the improvement of people's life. Therefore, it is important to take into account, besides economic growth, other indices which involve important social and, especially, human variables. One of the most important indices is the Human development Index (HDI), the improvement of which provides, because of the effective role of manpower in the development programmes, a basis for access to sustainable development. With regard to the predicted goals and a view of the country on the 1404 horizon, it seems that putting more emphasis on and paying more attention to the human aspects of the development of provinces is essential, especially for provinces which face numerous limitations of other

  developmental sources. Accordingly, an attempt has been made in this study to evaluate the Human Development Index in Sistan and Baluchestan during the years 1996-2006.

  Method: To carry out this study, we used an analytic-descriptive research method. The indices used were educational, hygienic, and income. The data were extracted from statistics annuals, and the provinces hygienic and education centers, during the years 1996-2006.

  Findings: The findings of this study show that the HDI rose from 0.42 to 0.47 during the years that was the focus of this study. Although the HDI increase is slow, it is the result of the improvement of the indeces of life expectancy and training in Sistan and Baluchestan, despite the lowness of the province's income index.

  Results: Income index could not contribute considerably to the process of HDI in Sistan and Baluchestan .Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the policies and approaches in order to increase income.

---

Objectives: Each year, the United Nations publishes an annual report titled by “Human Development Report” for all countries around the world which in which the complex index for human development for achieving health life alongside education and economic welfare is examined. The innate ambiguity in estimation of human development index has brought about numerous criticism against the method of investigating human development index. Therefore, many methods are suggested for this examination. In this study, the fuzzy ranking method that is most relevant to the concept of Human development index is suggested. Method: This study attempts to apply a suitable mathematical fuzzy model in order to rank human development index for provinces. Fuzzy logic has recently entered into such concepts as poverty and welfare. The multidimensional and ambiguity of human development concept paves the way for the use of fuzzy ranking. In this paper, fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets are used to estimate human development index during the years 1996, 2001 and 2005 for all provinces of Iran. Findings: in ranking human development index through deferent scenarios, Tehran, Isfahan, Ghazvin and Guilan provinces have first to forth rank respectively. But from this point onwards, ranking of provinces by human development index differs. Tehran province during three time periods, through different methods obtained the highest rank in all components. Kurdestan and Sistan-Balouchestan have the lowest degree in human development index. Also these provinces have the lowest degree in all components. Results: The result show that by changing the methods of investigation, the rank of some provinces goes under some changes. Regarding the gradual transition in fuzzy ranking method it seems that this method is more appropriate for measuring the ambiguous outcomes. in 2005, changing the method of investigation brought about -8 degree of decrease for Ghom province and therank of this province fell from 13 into 21. This also caused +8 degree of increase in Golestan province’s rank. Thus, choosing a suitable method for policy makers in distributing the resources and facilities is of critical importance so as to avoid such problems as population density, traffic, environmental pollution. Regarding the aforementioned numbers and for the purpose of decentralization, a need for local plans is now felt than ever before. By investing more in underdeveloped areas, hopefully we will be able to witness a substantial growth in human development index of these areas and that of the country

---

Objectives: social capital is a concept developed in sociology an also used in business, organizational behavior, political science and economics. In this article the process of social capital formation in a sample of university students is reported. Method: To develop an empirical model, we have assumed that individuals have two kinds of sources to form their social capitals: “identity sources” and “knowledge sources”. Moreover, we assumed that these sources are “necessary sources” not “sufficient sources”. The social capital would be produced, if these sources could be evolved to the social trust, the social norms and the social nets. Therefore, the research tries to answer this question: to what extent do these sources affect the social capital formation. The research method is survey. A sample of 199 students were randomly selected from a list of registered students for 2008 in the Faculty of Administrative Studies and Economics at the University of Isfahan (Iran). Findings: For estimation of the empirical model we used the OLS method to find how the “identity” and “knowledge” sources affect the internal values of individuals. For this, human capital was used as the main proxy of knowledge sources and the religious beliefs was used as the main proxy of identity sources Results: The estimation results show that, in the selected sample, the identity sources (religious beliefs) has had a positive and significant effect on the social capital formation, though, there is no such a relationship between the social capital formation and the knowledge sources (human capital). Furthermore, we found that males had a higher level of social capital than females.

---

Objective: Dualism between structure and action is one of the most important subjects in all of sociological paradigms and sociologists paid attention to poverty and its individual or structural causes. This article investigates the relationship between human agency and poverty. Method: The research is carried out in two regions of Esfahan and the main tool is questionnaire. The sample size is 191. Finding: There is statistically significant correlation between individual characteristics and economic situation. Individual characters explain 12.8 percent of variation in economic condition. Conclusion: Human agency has an important influence on human’s economic situation along with social and economic structure.

---

  Introduction: Changes in the quality of life are portrait of Human development. Based on Inglehart and Welzel comprehensive approach to human development, the concept includes three dimensions of socio-economic, cultural modernization and democratization of the society.

  The present study aims at elaborating on the situation of cultural modernization in the villages at transition and responding to the question of: "whether these groups of villages, which enjoy relatively of a higher level of socio-economic development, have experienced cultural modernization or not?

  Method: Cultural modernization is measured by three variables of individualism, secularization and scientific orientation. The study is conducted through a combination of quantitative techniques (survey, review of literature and questionnaire) and qualitative methods. For the analysis of data, technique of in-depth interviews with respondents has been applied to grasp a better understanding of their responses.

  Finding: The findings show in the processes of human development inhabitants of villages at transition have experienced cultural modernization, however it has not been an inclusive process of covering multi-dimension of cultural modernization . while, to some extent moral individualism has prevailed among people but the majority have not moved towards secular mentality .Their thought, attitudes and behaviors are dependent on super-natural factors and the influence of religious beliefs is not limited to their private domain of life. Also residents of these types of villages in response to the question of:" why a phenomenon exists or occurs?" have used a paradoxical combination of science and religion in their explanations.

  Conclusion: It seems this type of cultural modernization, which its main attribute, is imbalance among three dimension of the concept, reports the historical roots of religious beliefs and its sustainability through the processes of human development and social changes in the villages at transition.

---

 

Introduction: Economic development and improvement in life quality is the main objective of all societies in all levels. To this end, it is necessary to have a better understanding of factors affecting individual life quality. Quality of Life Index (QLI) is a suitable tool that reflects socio-economic condition of a society. Thus, QLI can be employed as a major tool in local and national development plans. Human capital, however, has a vital role in life quality through which development is affected.

 

Method: In this paper, the relationship between human capital (represented by the graduated people in bachelors, master and PhD) and QLI in all Iranian provinces is studied. To this end, using time series data of all provinces during the period of 2003-2009, and employing fixed effect in panel data model, the effect of human capital on QLI of all provinces is examined.

 

Findings: The results show that human capital, adult literacy rate and urban population rate have positive and significant effect on QLI of Iranian provinces. However, population has a negative and significant effect on QLI of provinces.

 

Conclusion: The results show that human capital has a significant effect on economic growth and, therefore, on life quality of people. However, the number of postgraduates (master and PhD) has had more effects on life quality compared with graduates (bachelors). Thus, government is suggested to increase investments on higher education if it is to improve life quality of individuals in Iranian provinces.

 

---

Introduction: Civil society organizations as an interface institution between the state and society have an important role in the multidimensional and integrated approaches to the alleviation of poverty. This article, with regard to this issue, discusses the role of civil society organizations in alleviation of poverty.

Methods: The methods used in this research are descriptive and analytical in which the identity of the civil society organizations and their necessities in poverty reduction are discussed.

Findings: The civil society is crucial for poverty reduction and their partnership with the public sector in poverty alleviation projects can make a significant contribution to its destruction. With regard to the problems faced by civil society organizations, including their identification, effectiveness, influence and eventually financing, the result is that breaking the vicious circle of poverty requires a series of actions at the same time. Civil society organizations should let the poor get involve in society and facilitate the economic, political and social development in different groups and levels of society.

Discussion: This paper has been developed to discuss about the role of civil society organizations in adoption of poverty reduction approaches, pointing out that with a strong and active participation of these organizations, the production capacities of the poor will increase, they would be encouraged to participate in decision-making and in total, enables the poor reach to a level that can get rid of poverty.

---

Introduction:  The  Social Security Organization is a complex, vital and effective organization, so that in the current  century, continuation of sustainable and comprehensive development in the country without the support of this organization is hardly possible.  Human resources are unique capital for the Social  Security Organization, which is a service-oriented organization, and can play a major role in organizational productivity. During  recent decades,  the improvement of competitiveness and profitability through improved productivity, has been the most controversial issue in organizations.

Method: This study aimed to investigate the effective factors on enhancing the human resources productivity in the Social Security Organization. To do this, obstacles and solutions of human resources productivity were identified.  Using the survey method and Fuzzy DEMATEL technique, 17 employees and managers of  Tehran’s Easter branches of the Social Security Organization who had a Masters’ degree and above answered questions regarding the concept of human resources productivity in the Social Security Organization.

Findings: Social Security Organization is one of the service-oriented organizations whose human resources play a unique role in economic, social and cultural development which provide a better future for the society. The ultimate goal of improving productivity as a driving force of economic development, is to improve the quality of life of every human being. To investigate the aforementioned issue, based on the results of factor analysis, 28 factors were identified. Then, 7 of these which were repeated in further research were chosen as the effective factors on the enhancement of human resources productivity at the Social Security Organization. The results showed that the amount of attention paid to the creativity and innovation and job promotion conditions are the main barriers to the enhancement of the human resources productivity. Moreover, knowledge and experience, management style, management commitment and adherence to the rules and regulations are the factors which play a role in improving the productivity of human resources and should be prioritized. The variable salary and motivational benefits neither was affected by any other variables, nor had an effect on other variables. It was an independent variable with regard to enhancing the human resources productivity.

Discussion: Human beings are the most effective factors of production, because if they cannot use tools, advanced equipment and technology, advances in technology will be inefficient in practice. The Social Security Organization which seeks to provide a simple, balanced life for the people via improvement of human resources productivity will be able to increase the quality, the extension of social security and customer satisfaction in the society.