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Crime and deviance comprises those actions which are deemed so damaging to tile interests of he community that the state determines that it must take a direct role in identifying and acting against the criminal and deviant. When we consider the prevention of crime, we are looking at a set of event joined only in their proscription by statute . The view that society must by radically changed for crime control to occur may also be found among some practitioners within criminal justice, but there it has coexisted with the more popular rival that the greatest prevention possibitilies lie in changing the hearts and minds of established or potential offenders by control or reform . All foeories of crime are also foeories of crime prevention . specific primary prevention measures would continue to by applied as tiiey became available. By foe analysis of fast changes in crime rates, numerous crime prevention successes would have been identified, common lessons learned, and the morale of crime preventers enhanced.

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The issues that arise in this articles are the causes and the bases of social - and sexual - devience according to a sociological point of view. Then a search through a number of 350 files of sexual - crimes in Babol, declares the causes on a sociological point of view, cultural transmission & contrast theory. In assessment during this research regarding age, sex & occupation as the main criteria estimates that 18% of sexual crimes among men & 58% of the same crimes among women occur before the age of 19. Besides, 64% of the sexual - crimes of men & 14% of women are committed between 20-29. A ،deep concern of this article to occupation status shows that 55%, of men exist as shopkeepers, employees & drivers. However 25% of theirs committed fellows are low workers & 35% as students commit such crimes. Therefore, we get strong sense of-' the core bases including coincidence of age - groups, economical straits & poverty that have brought tire sexual - devience into existence.

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Regardless all the factors Involved In crime and all measures taken for preventing it in various levels, management and policies which are used to help the avoidance and prevention of crimes and disorders in a scientific way is the major problem. In this article, the writer has brought Crime preventive management into consideration and made an attempt to reveal those who are in charge of this fact in Iran according to the constitutional and current laws. He also investigated the protection and prevention against crimes in the government sector offices and organizations according to the internal guidelines and procedures.

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Objective: This article studies the relationship between child abuse by parents and the appearing of wickedness in their children in future. This survey and its questionnaire are framed on observational learning theory of Bandura & Berkowitz (learning of crime and delinquency with observation of parents behaviors by children). Method: The statistical community is the whole of wicked guilty persons who had been delivered to Khuzestan prisons in 2005. The sample consists of eighty-convicted prisoners that were selected randomly, then they responded to child abuse questionnaire and their judicial dossiers were studied. Findings: The main hypothesis was confirmed. There is a significant relation between above variables. The other related variables consist of literacy, single parenthood, and early divorce in family. With reduction in age and literacy of the prisoners, their crime` intensity increased. Subjects mainly (98%) were male because of specific social circumstances and girls position for parents. A great majority of prisoners (90%) refered to being abused by parents (mainly by fathers) in childhood. Result: The abuse consists of child abuse, sexual abuse and neglect or prevention of food and recreation. Coefficient of child abuse questionnaire by even-odd method obtained 82%. The mean of score in the questionnaire was 60 while low and high range was 20-100 respectively. That it was higher than median of questionnaire score. Researchers suggest the formation of a comprehensive social work system with powerful legal & judiciary tools for following, prevention child abuse cases. Other recommendations consist of recording of child abuse in family, planning and teaching child abuse texts for students.

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Objectives: This is a summary of an extended research on sociological study of drug addiction in Iran. The main focus of the study has been to identify and analyze the social correlates of drug addiction rate. It is a fact that drug addiction has been increased in Iran in the recent years. The research has been designed on the base of response to this question "what are the causes of drug addiction rate variations among provinces of Iran? " Method: The research unit of analysis includes all provinces of Iran between 1368-1380 that have been studied and analyzed. The research method of study was longitudinal-comparative method, based on secondary data . Conclusion: Theoretically, the study has been based on structural functionalism approach. Path analysis results indicate that industrialization, anomie, availability of drugs, smuggler's activity variables are the most important variables for explanation of drug addiction in Iran, respectively.

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Objective: This article investigates the relationship between crime and barbarism with sence safety. The hypotheses was built on Jacobs and Zukin’s theories, in this way: Barbarism has more effect on people feeling about safety and symbolic access and presence of people can increase the feeling of safety. Method: The resaech is a testing theory one and Analysis is based on Kernel density and Chi-Square test in Cross tab. Sample size is 364 and the procedure of sampling is clustering, by 14 urban spaces as clusters. Findings & Results: There is no strong relationship between crime, Barbarism and sence of safty But crime has effective role on presence of people in urban spaces. The results of research do not support Jacobs’s theory about the more importance role of barbarism, but they support Hiller’s theory about decreasing of safety by most high levels of activity and presence of people.

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Objectives: This paper presents and discusses the findings of a research project that has conducted by the authors. Here there is an attempt to study the fear of crime among women in the light of interdisciplinary theories. We focus on two words: women and public spaces. This is because women are considered as much vulnerable at public spaces. Method: We used both quantative and qualitative methods of collection data. That is, FGDs and survey. Finding & Results: Our main findings show that the fear of crime among almost 48 percent of respondents is high, 33 percent is middle and 19 percent low. Our tabulation tabals indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between rate of fear and income, education, neighborhood, and satisfaction with police operations.

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Objective: Target of this research is study of relation of between demographic and ecological factors with type of crimes that criminals do it. Method: Statistical universe of research to be whole of arrested criminals of Shiraz city in 1382 and sample population is the whole criminals of eight crimes: 1-Homcide 2-abduction 3-armed thefts 4-forgery 5-fraud 6-usuraption of titles 7- purse 8-usual thefts (including: theft of lodging, retinues, automobile, motorcycle, pick pocketing, store and private and governmental places) that number of them have been 2653 persons. Method of research is the quantitative and used technic is documentary survey. Inverse questionnaire has used for collecting of data. SPSS and correlation coefficients related with ordinal and nominal and Interval levels have used for analysis of data. Finding & Results: Analysis of relation between antecedent of penal, education and age did in two levels that there were significance relation between them in the nominal level but there were not significance relation between age and type of crime in the ordinal level. There were significance relation between population density and variables homicide, forgery, fraud, purse and usual thefts rates. But there were not significance relation between population density and variables abduction, armed thefts and usurpation of titles rates.

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Objectives: The diversity of theorical approaches to relationship between media and crime have revealed the fact that the influence of the media can be conceptualized both negatively and positively, depending on the perspective adopted. This article is an attempt to identify the indicators of "newsworthiness", to analyses the content of crime news, and to explore mutual interaction between crime news with the social structure in shaping criminal behavior. Method: The method of this research is descriptive, and content analysis of media coverage of the crime has also been used for collecting date. Findings & Result: While the possibility of a causal relationship between the media consumption and behavioral response is downplay by most media academics, it is accepted that those who work in the media, do have some degree of influence in terms of what potential stories they select and how they then organize them, defining or amplifying some issues over others. The news values illustrate that the news media do not cover systematicallt all forms of crime and victimization, and that they pander to the most voyeuristic desire of the audience by exaggerating and dramatizing relatively unusual crime, while ignoring the crime that are most likely to happen to the average person.

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Objectives: The purpose of the present research has been to determine the role of religiosity in preventing juvenile delinquency (robbery) in Tehran on the basis of religiosity perspective theoretical and social integration, and the aim has been to provide the sociological analysis of religiosity as solution for confronting to juvenile delinquency. Method: The research method is survey and a kind of causal- comparative. In tense of time, it is cross- sectional and in tense of intensive it is a kind of extensive the data, and have been collected through questionnaire. Finding & Results: The results of this study shows that there is a significiant difference between religiousity and delinquency rate of typical(non delinquent) and confined (delinquent) juvenile group in significance of % 95. The theoretical finding of the research showed that although it is possible to describe the seperated and direct relalation between each one of independent variables (religious aspect) and the dependent variable (the rate of delinquency), based on religiousity and social integration theories, but the result of multi variable analysis shows, only consequentive aspect of religiousituy has a direct effect on delinquency and it proved to have the greatest share in explaining the preventing juvenile delinquency.

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Objectives: Nowadays Information & Communication Technologies have influenced all realms of human life. Today there is an attempt to make every human being activity in the form of electronic and digitized version to faciliate and accelerate it. As result of such an ongoing fact which can be called as "information revolution", today we hear so much of some phrases such as E-Business, E-Learning, E-Money, E-Banking, E-Government and recently E-Health. The advent of E-Health, Telemedicine and the development of modern electronic social security system, need enhanced and updated database of health status of the citizens. Personal data which need legal protection can be divided in six categories: Health and Genetic Data, economic and commercial data, data relating to personal ideas and beliefs, sexual life data, criminal condemnation data and general personal data. The scale of importance of personal data differs as a result of kind and nature of them. So, sensitive personal data which needs a more comprehensive protection differs from common ones for which a usual protection will suffice. Electronic Health Information is certainly some kind of sensitive personal data which should be kept under the highest security standards and any kind of infringement to such data is forbidden and punishable in most of the legal systems. Survey & analysis of a proportionate legal system for such data in information technology age is of special necessity to develop E-Health project. Today E-Health file plays a very important role in the society health system. Methods: This research is a descriptive and analytic one, in which we have tried to show the deficiencies of the Iranian legal system in this field, through analysis of legal sources & regulations of different legal systems and comparing the results with the Iranian ones. For this purpose we will employ the internet sources as hard copies of books and papers as the same as some international, domestic and foreign acts, conventions and documents. Findings & Results: In different legal systems the security of Electronic Health Information which is the most important field of E-Health project, is provided through legislating special vindicative acts. Iran laws pay much more attention to correctness of data than to protecting correct data. So apart from some limited protection made in relation to some special jobs such as lawyers and physicians we will see nothing more than defamation and alike criminal institutions as data protecting acts. As contrast to some of leading and advanced legal systems in the field of Information Technology Law, (such as United States of America & members of European :::::union:::::, The Convention on Cyber crime) the Iranian legal system has not made some favourable protection of personal health and genetic data. This will cause the Iranian E-Health Filing project abortive. So some revision is needed to update the Iranian legal system and observe the international standards. Though there is some effort to pass new comprehensive acts governing all kinds of personal data amongst Health and Genetic Data but up to the date they have not come to force and the defect has made Iran legal system situation crucial.

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Objective: Crime is a multidimensional phenomenon which its investigation needs the use of an interdisciplinary approach. It has a unique spatio-temporal (spatial and temporal) context which distinguishes it from other behaviors and causes the criminal behavior not to have an even spatial distribution in an area. Some places due to their physical/ environmental features, kind of activities common in them, or social and economic characteristics of their inhabitants provide more opportunities for crimes to occur and attract active and strongly motivated criminals who on a basis of a rational choice look for the safest and most suitable places and conditions to commit a criminal act. This research as an interdisciplinary study has used a combination of sociology, criminology, and geography disciplines to investigate crime phenomenon in Game Nets in city of Tehran. Game Net as a place that provides users with computer games, due to its anatomy and spatial properties, environmental design as well as its usage situation and environmental ground can, regardless of the individual and social characteristics of the users and managers, prepare a suitable ground for the emergence of criminal behaviors. Ecological properties of the areas in which these Game Nets are located can also cause different rates of crime. Method: The present study investigated the crimes related to Game Nets at two levels of micro and medial levels: crimes inside Game Nets and the Game Net -crimes spreading over different urban districts of Tehran. Using the GIS software, the research intended to identify the spatial pattern of these crimes in order to examine how the environmental factors affect the occurrence of the Game Net crimes. To achieve this purpose, using a questionnaire as a tool in this survey method we Surveyed 400 users inlOO randomly chosen Game Nets about crimes related to those Game Nets. Findings: The results of the present study revealed that the highest rate of reported crimes were related to cursing/swearing, fighting, and gambling in respective 53.1, 43.1, 38.7 Percent of the participants reported the rates of swearing, fighting, and gambling as high and very high in respective. The ecology of the crime in this study was investigated too. The maps drawn according to rates of different crimes showed that spatial distribution of Game net-related crimes in Tehran did not follow an even pattern and reported various rates at different districts. But the regions located at suburban and city entrance areas or located at more commercial areas revealed higher rates of crimes. Results: The results revealed that typologically the Game Nets which were located out of official and unofficial inspection zone, those located in busy business centers as well as those have residential usage respectively had the highest crime rates due to chances they could provide for criminal activities. According to proposed theories (hypothesis) Opportunity, Daily activities, and social supervision are considered the most important variables which interfere between Place and Crime. Investigation of environment in study of given crimes helps researches to detect the patterns of the criminal behaviors and to identify crime prone centers. Attention to environment as an unmediated factor in comparison to personal or structural factors makes it possible for researcher to propose more practical crime prevention strategies.

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Objectives: The article tries to analyze the direction to addiction of four high circulating newspapers (Keyhan, Ettelaat, Etemad and Etemad melli) in iran and determines what is the share of any independent variables in this direction. To this end at first step legal social, medical approaches in all over the world, also our domestic law and social approaches on this subject has considered. The Gatekeeping approach is the theoretical base of this study. This approach Pointe out that media make people believe in special approche even without thinking to factors which are inside and outside of the media organizations such as legal system, political and social values, personal bellies lead gatekeepers to choose special news, stories and has effect on press approche Content analysis of newspapers in many countries such as Canada and Brazil is an obvious evidence to prove this approach. Indeed, the relationship between the nature of news media coverage of addiction and the media directions to addiction has received sufficient research attention in such countries. This studies have being with print media and suggested the relationship between social, political and judicial directions and media directions to addiction. Method: To analyze the direction of above – mentioned newspapers, the aricle has based on content analysis method. Then, we studied all news and contents that were published in four newspapers (Keyhan, Ettelaat, Etemad and Etemad melli) on related to addiction during 1385/4/5- 1386/4/5 .Then We subjected all available contents about addiction from these dates to content analysis. All information has punched on the SPSS program. The study has used inferential statistics and the test for analysis the findings was Chi squared (x2). Also we assessed the inter-rater reliability for 2 variables. The achieved score is more than % 70 and shows we can trust the findings Findings: According to findings there is a meaningful difference between dependent variable and independent one. a) Most of criminal directions toward addiction have been related to own newspapers’s stories. b) Most of criminal directions have been related to stories made by the judicial and military fields’s newsmakers and most of illness directions have seen in health fields. c) Most of criminal directions toward narcotic drugs and most of illness directions have related to psychothropic substances. d) Most of criminal directions have related to illicit narcotic drugs and most of illness directions have related to legitimated drugs. Results: On the contrary of the drug 'wars' in our country, addiction has remained as a serious threat to the nation's health. Then we should change our ways to eradicate this problem and the media, specially the newspapers, are one key mechanism to achieve this aim. But the findings of this study shows that the newspapers produce and disseminate the dirrecton which has continued in our social,political and judicial environments during the lengthy years. That is to say, the considered newspapers disseminate the approche which Therefore, this finding is according to gatekeeping approche. But criminal directions toward can’t solve the problem and may aggrevate it. It is imperative that the newspapers communicate with experts and researchers of medical, health and Non-Governmental Organizations to amend this dirrections.

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Objectives: Different sociological theories are suggested to explain the fear of crime. These theories account variables such as disorganization, media effects, victimization, ecological variables for the explanation of the phenomenon. This paper aims to examine the implications of disorganization theory for the fear of crime.

Method: A sample of adults inhabitants of two districts of Tehran (district 3 and 12) were interviewed in a survey study. These two districts are quite different with regard to physical and social disorganization. While district three is an influent well organized area, district 12 is in an opposite situation. The variable of fear of crime was considered as a two dimensional phenomenon including feeling of security and worry of crime. Disorganization comprised of disorder, social worry, subculture diversities, neighborhood bonds, neighborhood attachment. These variables were measured by a 5 point Likert scale.

Findings: Fear of crime among the inhabitants of are 12 was more than that of the inhabitants of area 3. The feelings of disorganization, except that of neighborhood bonds, among the inhabitants of are 12 were also more than those of the inhabitants of area 3. The data also revealed that there were a significant relationship between perceived disorganization and fear of crime.

Results: These findings give significant support to the disorganization theory and are consistent with the previous studies. The only odd result is the positive relationship between neighborhood bonds and fear of crime. This may be explained by the social fabric of inhabitants of area 12. That is, they are mostly immigrants of rural and small cities which still have more connection with their neighbors while the social and physical disorganization of their area cause more fear of crime, they still have their neighborhood ties. 

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Objectives: Criminal law is one of the important social control mechanisms that regulate behavior and people activities in society. This kind of interference there is a difference with other instruments social control because of using repressive techniques against those who infraction its instructions. Penal law defines values that represents our way of life are reflected and use the direction of "big stick" punishment as a tool in direction of strengthening the values and ensure respect for them. In this direction penal law not only sought to protect the individual, but to support the structure and the combination of society as well. Penal interference prescribed in order to achieve the certain objectives is that the negligence to practical and capacity of this kind of interference, confront with serious doubts the rate of its success. This article deals with this issue in the field of crimes related to deviations and social problems.

Method: This research is to description and analysis method has been writing and in the light of studying Iran legislative criminal policy assesses the amount of penal interference in the light of experimental and comparative studies.

Findings: Iranian legislator to combat undesirable and abnonormal behaviors that is locating in the framework of individual and social Freedom, deviations, sins, and even prohibited behaviors have been use the criminalization mechanism. criminalization's extensive, unjustifiable, vague and general in various areas like the auditory and visual, conduct coverage and titles such as; addiction, vagrancy, Begging, the demonstrators were forbidden to act and committing any practical public chastity wound labarum are unqualified recognition, not only has provided to securing the expression of some deviations in the form of crime and Commixture borders between crime and sin, But also with instrumental using of criminal law for apparent social Coordinate and lack of success in general and specific intimidation citizens about the preventing of committing of criminalizing behaviors due to inattention to values of people and public opinion have been reduced the dignity of the criminal justice.

Results: criminal justice system has limited capacity in fighting against crime and the giving of responsibility of social control for it. Criminalization should be considered as the ultima ratio and with the observation of theoretical, practical and criminological limitations about the criminalization. Inattention to the subject of many negative consequences and will be followed. Most important of which can be name the increase number of black and gray crime, representing negative social criminal justice system, creating realms discriminative and possibility the abuse in the implementation of the law, weakening moral dimensions of Criminal Law, a decrease in efficiency of punishments, potential criminologinic of criminal law by labeling process and legitimacy crisis. In line with the problem proposed the assigning criminal reactions by some of the favorableness offensive behavior and handing over the current; organizing and controlling behaviors in other fields such as educational system, the family, the cultural and religious institutions, medical , health and welfare Structures.

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Objective: Economics of crime is an interdisciplinary topic that is intended to analyze crimes economically. Regarding the increase in crimes rates in our country, a comprehensive study of the causes of crime, especially economic crimes such as robbery is necessary, because it is directly related to the economy and accurate understanding of causal relationship between the two will help policymakers in planning for a better society. Method: Based on available statistics and estimates based on regression models using OLS, the relationship between unemployment and theft is explained. Findings: There was a positive relationship between robbery and unemployment. In addition, there was a direct relationship between robbery index and the proportion of people in urban areas and divorce rate, but a negative relationship for households’ monthly income. Conclusion: Unemployment, in addition to its direct costs such as unemployment insurance costs, and costs associated with reduced labor skills and expertise, imposes another cost which is because of an increase in property crimes particularly robbery.

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Introduction: The purpose of this article is examination of factors related to youth violence in kerman `s prison. As violence has very extent meaning, we have studied on two kinds of violence which are murder and mayhem. Method: This study is done by survey method. Data has been collected by using the technique of questionnaire and interview. All of the prisoners who had such background were examined (123 people). Findings: Variables of gender, marital status, association with delinquent friends, battle groups membership, aggression confirmation, crime justification, deviant label, being interested in aggressive films, to be laid off school and drinking alcohol, abusing drugs and using ecstasy have a significant relationship with youth violence. Conclusion: men do murder and mayhem more than women. The most who had violent background have been single, members of battle groups, laid off school, confirm aggression, justify their crime, being interested in aggressive films and finally they use alcohol, drug and ecstasy more than others. 

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  Introduction : Informal settlement in cities is basically due to several factors, some of the most important factors are heterogeneous development and imbalance availability in using facilities in urban and rural areas. There for, this condition has an undeniable impact on the rate of crime and other social problems.

  Methods : This study was conducted by using survey questionnaires and observations in 1388 in Bushehr . Numbers of questionnaires were completed for 162 people in the central prison of Bushehr. Questionnaires have been randomly distributed among the people based on their economic situations and social dimensions of space. Analyzing of the data was conducted using Pearson's coefficient and statistical softwares SPSS, Excel, and Geographic Information System (GIS).

  Findings : Research findings have shown that the largest amount of crime have been in Jabri and Saleh Abad , being 14.5 percent and 9.67 percent respectively. And the lowest amount of crime belongs to Dehdashti, Behbahani, Poor and Behesht Sadegh with 1.16 percent. In addition, there is a significant relationship between the number of crime and housing status (p<0.01)

  Conclusion : Results have shown that factors such as poor financial situation, poor housing, living place, lack of good jobs, and having informal jobs and low income, are aspects of visual informal settlements which help us to find criminal areas in order to prevent some crimes such as theft, smuggling and illegal ways to earn income . Also suggestions are given to reduce crime and increase security in this regard.

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  Introduction: In this research the effective factors on the Sense of insecurity are identified. Then on this basis with a preventive outlook, scientific and applied tactics are presented .Crime and the sense of insecurity in urban neighborhoods, particularly in large cities and metropolitan areas have been the main concern of both citizens and local authorities . Nowadays the insufficiency of the social sanctions and penalties regarding to the prevention and remedial measures of deviant behaviors and crimes in human societies resulted in a very rapid increase in the incidence of all types of crimes almost everywhere, both in less and highly developed industrialized countries.

  The aim of this research is to study the sources of crimes, types of crimes and the factors which bring about unsafe and insecure environment in urban communities. To find an appropriate strategy to face with such a social obstacle is another part of the aim of this research. Urban spaces are the places which should bring about the feeling of pleasure and happiness for the citizens and improve the quality of life standards in urban communities. This can be possible only through designing and implementing a kind of comprehensive crime prevention plans and programs in large cities, particularly for their urban spaces.

  For this purpose, urban planners and social workers have to arrange team work of specialists in the related expertise and institutions to study and review the methods, policies, techniques and experiences of other societies all over the world. Then, they can present the optimum plan and framework for the practical measures regarding secure urban spaces.

  The main goal of the present research has been introducing the most appropriate strategies to recognize the methods of prevention of Insecurity in urban locals. To get this goal, the related theories reviewed and fieldwork research has also been performed.

  Method: The research method of this study is a survey kind. The study population of this research includes the residents of the neighborhoods of the 17 district of Tehran. Methodology of the research is based on descriptive analysis. The data have been gathered through field research, interview and filling out the related questionnaires. The respondents have been selected among the residents of the neighborhoods of the 17th. Region of the City of Tehran were selected as the site of the research. A part of the needed data and information and documents have been collected from libraries. After making a list and confirming the validity of questions by professors, its reliability was confirmed through alpha Coefficient. This information is gathered by systematic interviews. For data analysis and testing the hypothesis F, chi-square ( ) were used for describing the study population and from descriptive statistics. Spss software type 15.0 was used for data's reductions.

  Findings: According to statistical analysis of the data, the main result was obtained: higher feeling of security among citizens in those places with more public spaces and amenities have been much more than those areas which had been vacant or have had less public spaces and facilities (i.e. Mix land use). The results also show that those places of the area under research which were dispersed and far from sight of the people have been used by the consumers of all types of drugs, particularly at the sunset and late evening. While those places which are crowded due to various kind of land use such as shops, mosques, main streets, well-lighted open spaces, etc. have been free from criminals as those places are always under the direct watch and inspection of the citizens. The results also indicated that 40 percent of the incidence of crimes was related to the drugs.

  Another important result is that like other socio-economic, political or hygienic issues, “prevention is better than cure” and applying the policy of “Nip in the bud” can play a very positive and effective role in keeping our neighborhoods far from crimes and criminals.

  Conclusion: To attain more secure and safe urban environment, we have to practice our social laws and regulations more strictly and vigorously. To get to such a condition, local authorities and other governmental and semi governmental organizations have to be supported by the citizens in various ways. For instance, the municipality ought to try to enhance the lighting of the streets, recreation areas, isolated corners, parks, bridges, etc. and put more policemen to control indefensible places of the neighborhoods at nights. This will be good to some extent to reduce the incidence of crimes but will not be enough. Here the citizens themselves have to participate with the police via watching and inspecting their living environment carefully and responding to the authorities regarding what might be happened as deviancies or crimes in their living territories. The results showed that crime preventive measures in urban spaces can be very effective in enhancing the urban life security and safer urban environment for the citizens.