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Roozbe Kardooni, Nematollah Fazeli,
Volume 8, Issue 32 (4-2009)
Abstract

Objective: This paper aims to examine social welfare discourse in the pried of the reformist government in Iran . To do so we examine the discursive elements of President Khatami’s speeches in the years 1376- 1384. We will try to illuminate and interpret the discourse to find its contextual meanings in their socio-historical situation. This research is applicable and significant since it shows both failures and successes of the social welfare discourses examined. It is also theoretically considerable since it provides a ground for comparison of the similarities and differences of this discourse with its counterparts around the world. Method: This research is methodologically based on Michel Foucault’s and Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis approaches. In this approach a discourse might be examined in three separate levels including describing, interpreting and explaining. Finding: Our research shows that the Reformist social welfare discourse examined has a very specific and clear orientation. The discourse has a certain notion of justice which is based on providing and promoting equal opportunities and insuring accessibility of all citizens to the opportunities. In addition, the reformist discourse analyzed shows that religion and freedom have major impacts on each other. Furthermore, there are Islamic and legal limits on both issues of religion and freedom. This discourse emphasizes on sustainable and comprehensive development policy. In terms of politics, the discourse analyzed accentuates political participation and promotion of the political parties and groups activities. It also stresses on social security and protection of all citizens based on law and regulations. The reformist discourse emphasize on a complete system of social welfare and justice. As can be seen, the reformist discourse analyzed cannot be categorized and likened to one of the current prevalent social welfare discourses in the world such as the discourses of the liberal democratic, social democratic, neo right liberal and conservative discourse. The reformist discourse is different to those discourses since it has an Islamic nature. Given this religious and Islamic nature, the reformist discourse has a different sense and definition of justice, freedom and other social welfare elements. Results: Our examination shows that the reformist discoursed analyzed is oriented and highlighted comprehensive development, justice with religion and freedom and a humanistic approach to social welfare. The reformist discourse analyzed intended and aspired to change the power relations with full consideration of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Our research demonstrates that the reformist discourse analyzed is a very modern discourse of social welfare since it emphasises human development and considers human forces as the main sources of wealth and power. However, we should mention that the reformist discourse could not attract the attention of the poor and the lower classes though the academics and the elites celebrated it and it was appropriate to meet the needs and necessities of Iranian society.
Mona Fazelipour, Dr Abdolreza Navah, Hossein Moltafet, Ali Asghar Saadabadi,
Volume 23, Issue 88 (5-2023)
Abstract

Intorduction: Nowadays, the issue of employment of the physically disabled as one of the basic needs of this group is explored in the context of social entrepreneurship knowledge. The aim of this study is to develop a paradigm model of applying the social entrepreneurship approach in the field of employment of the physically disabled in Khuzestan.
Method: The research method is a qualitative method based on the grounded theory approach data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 12 social business professionals and experts. In data analysis, 15 main categories have been extracted around the central category.  Also, in the axial coding stage, The central category of research category "Differentiation and underdevelopment of social entrepreneurship of the disabled" was extracted based on the main categories of the research.
Findings: In the paradigm model of research, participation of the disabled as a social entrepreneur, high motivation to work among the disabled and the need to review the world of the disabled have emerged as causal conditions for social entrepreneurship. The educability and the existence of the idea of social entrepreneurship related to the disabled are conceptualized as the contextual conditions of social entrepreneurship for the disabled. Categories such as differentiation, instrumental view of employment of the disabled, disproportionate expertise and responsibility in managerial appointments, lack of job preparation, lack of legal, institutional and financial support are limitations and conditions involved in the development of social entrepreneurship. Workplace adaptation, mental imagery, and planning and policy-making are the main categories of act/interact (strategies) in the paradigm model.
Discussin: According to the research findings, social entrepreneurship is a process that in the first stage, by recognizing and defining disability as a physical weakness ,takes into account the level of individual abilities, skills and communication of people with disabilities. In the second stage, by studying and understanding the needs of the society, it will lead to starting a business based on exploitation, innovation and creativity for the disabled and sometimes by themselves. The end result of social entrepreneurship is the entry, participation and role of people with disabilities in the cycle of sustainable development.


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