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  Introduction : Informal settlement in cities is basically due to several factors, some of the most important factors are heterogeneous development and imbalance availability in using facilities in urban and rural areas. There for, this condition has an undeniable impact on the rate of crime and other social problems.

  Methods : This study was conducted by using survey questionnaires and observations in 1388 in Bushehr . Numbers of questionnaires were completed for 162 people in the central prison of Bushehr. Questionnaires have been randomly distributed among the people based on their economic situations and social dimensions of space. Analyzing of the data was conducted using Pearson's coefficient and statistical softwares SPSS, Excel, and Geographic Information System (GIS).

  Findings : Research findings have shown that the largest amount of crime have been in Jabri and Saleh Abad , being 14.5 percent and 9.67 percent respectively. And the lowest amount of crime belongs to Dehdashti, Behbahani, Poor and Behesht Sadegh with 1.16 percent. In addition, there is a significant relationship between the number of crime and housing status (p<0.01)

  Conclusion : Results have shown that factors such as poor financial situation, poor housing, living place, lack of good jobs, and having informal jobs and low income, are aspects of visual informal settlements which help us to find criminal areas in order to prevent some crimes such as theft, smuggling and illegal ways to earn income . Also suggestions are given to reduce crime and increase security in this regard.

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Introduction: On the eve of the third millennium, the family is the fundamental social institution and marriage commitment is to maintain the stability and health of the system. Marital commitment means how much your spouse value family relationships and how sustain the marriage incentives. To improve marital and family relations, especially the increase in marital commitment, it is necessary to obtain the relevant information about these structures and to identify factors that affect them. As well as understanding the relationship structures can play a role in education projects and interventions are associated with the satisfaction of couples. Thus, analyzing the factors that play a role in maintaining marital commitment is very important. This study examined two styles of lovemaking and dysfunctional relationship beliefs.

Refers to this love style how people define love or not love. In this study, the order of the Relationship Beliefs is mentality that couple to have their marital relationship and have accepted it as fact. Dysfunctional Relationship Beliefs, including beliefs and thoughts are unreasonable have created problems in relationships. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the role of love style and relationship beliefs on marital commitment.

Methods: This study is a descriptive correlation study. The population of this study included married employees Azad University of Arak. 108 women (48%) and men (52%) of the sample were selected. The average age of subjects was 39.2 years old, with a standard deviation 5.43 years and the average length of marriage was 16.5 years. After a description of objective research and stressing that the information will remain strictly confidential, participants were asked to anonymously into three questionnaire Relationship Beliefs, love style and marital commitment. Questionnaires' view are as follows: Relationship beliefs list to measure irrational beliefs communication in marriage by Eidelson and Epstein (1982). Subscales of the questionnaire are: Disagreement is destructive, partner cannot change, mind reading is expected, sexual perfectionism, and the sexes are different. Hendrick and Hendrick love style questionnaire by using the Theory of Lee of love built in 1986.

The questionnaire contained 6 styles such as Eros, Storge, Ludus, Mania, Pragma, and Agape. Marital commitment questionnaire of adherence to his wife and marriage measure has been developed by Adams and Jones in 1997. The questionnaire has 44 questions that in a five-point scale, three-dimensional marital commitment includes personal commitment, moral and structural measures. In order to compare the marital commitment, Relationship Beliefs and style of lovemaking between women's and men's t-test was used. To examine the relationship between marital commitment with each of the love styles and relationship beliefs irrational Pearson correlation was conducted to answer the question which of the components of relationship beliefs irrational and style of lovemaking can predict their marital commitment variance from stepwise regression analysis was used.

Findings: In this study, between women and men in terms of irrational Relationship Beliefs sexual perfectionism was significant difference, so that the belief in men than women. It was also found that there was a significant relationship between the duration of the marriage and marital commitment, whatever the duration of the marriage is marital commitment is reduced. The correlation between variables, correlation coefficient marital commitment with the irrational relationship beliefs, the disagreement is destructive equal 0.28

and the partners cannot change was 0.24. Stepwise regression results showed that disagreement is destructive belief, as predictor variables, predictors 21% of variance of marital commitment. So that the disagreement is destructive belief and plays a significant role in predicting marital commitment. The correlation between marital commitment was the Eros love style equal 0.49, mania 0.31, agape 0.42. According to the results of Eros, mania, agape love styles are significant predictors of marital commitment.

Discussion: Since the commitment consider as a decision to continue the marriage it is necessary to help couples to learn communication is a set of skills that can be learned and grown and strengthen their marriage therefore contribute to the stability of the family. This can be achieved by implementing training courses for people getting married, to give up their irrational beliefs to change or modify communication. Also, the results of this study confirm the relationship between the lovemaking style and marital commitment to predict the marital commitment. This knowledge helps to provide appropriate strategies be adopted.

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Today, in order to create political development, the participation of all sections of society in political affairs is essential. Therefore, the participation of women in all social activities such as politics is a prerequisite for political development, so that women even as minorities in politics would contributes to the unfinished democracy of society. Knowing the factors influencing this matter such as self-concept is also important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between women’s self-concept and their political participation. The research method in this study was descriptive (survey) and purposeful. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of field operations and statistical population of all women in Tehran at the age of political participation. According to the number of statistical population (3,500,000), the sample consisted of 389 persons based on Cochran formula. The stratified random sampling method was used. The final result of the research is more likely to be based on the research conducted on the components of the research namely one’s perception of socio-economic class, one’s own religion, one’s belief, perception of one’s personality, and one’s perception of one’s own gender. There is a significant relationship between women’s perception of their age, their perception as regards their abilities, and their political participation. Also, a total of 41.7% of the overall variance in political participation is self-explanatory. Thus, it can be said that higher participation implies a crystallization of the characteristics of the political, economic, and cultural development of society. Thus it can be claimed that the more democratic the politics and society are, the more tolerant the culture of sexuality is, the bolder the presence of women is likely to be.

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Introduction: Urban planning expected achievements in Iran, despite its long history, have not been satisfactory. Even the most recent urban planning methods, often based on collaborative patterns, have not responded to the needs of citizens. Failure to implement these programs is affected by several factors. Lack of participation due to behavioral patterns of citizens is considered as an important obstacle. 
Method: The case study was conducted in a historical neighborhood in Qazvin named Bolaghi. The paradigm of the study is interpretational; this kind of epistemology requires “qualitative” techniques in order to effectively measure the aforementioned barriers. Therefore, the data were collected through “in-depth interviews” with the residents of the Bolaghi neighborhood.
Findings: The study led to the production of a list of about 70 types of barriers to participation in 14 categories, originating from the behavioral patterns of citizens with in a largely cultural-historical context. Also, in a comparative study, it was found that the use of an asset based community development (ABCD) model could eliminate about 35 to 40 percent of citizens’ behavioral barriers in participation. 
Discussion: The review and alignment of the participatory planning process is essential by improving the understanding of the existing situation in the urban community of Iran and considering the behavior patterns of the citizens. Behaviors that are mostly reactive and in a complex structure combined with governance policies. Therefore, it is important to formulate appropriate planning patterns.

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Introduction:The purpose of this research is to study the lifestyle damage of students during the Corona Pandemic.
 Methods: The current research is a qualitative type of research study. Its participants were 13 managers and officials, experts, experts and prominent professors in the field of both Corona virus Epidemiology and students' lifestyles, who were selected by purposeful sampling. The tool of data collection was an interview, which continued until reaching theoretical saturation as regards the research topic. For data analysis, the method of database theory has been used.
Findings: The damage to students' lifestyles during the Corona Pandemic was identified categorized into six categories, including academic performance decline, reduction of interpersonal relationships (social relationships), problematic use of the Internet, nutrition and exercise, mental health, and livelihood.
Discussion: Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the spread of the Corona virus has caused adverse effects in various aspects of students' lifestyles. Therefore, prevention and management of adverse effects is vitally important. Also, it is necessary to pay special attention to students in psychological interventions and other types of interventions, and special programs are necessary to reduce their problems.

 

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Introduction: As one of the most vulnerable and sensitive sections of the society who live in foster care centers, orphaned and poorly supervised children and adolescents, in addition to the specific problems of adolescence due to deprivation from family and living conditions in this environment, face additional problems. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing and identifying the obstacles and challenges of teenage girls in foster care centers to start an independent life.
Method: The current study is a qualitative research study. The participants of the research are female teenagers who spent part of their lives in foster care centers and were finally discharged to independent life and they are already familiar with all the detalails of living in such centers. The sampling method has also been done in a purposeful way based on the criterion of information saturation with 15 people from among the people with the age range of 19 to 22 years old, and 10 experts in this field using semi-structured interviews.
Findings: Data analysis was done based on thematic analysis. Seven main themes were obtained from the data analysis, which included low flexibility of related laws and guidelines, lack of comprehensive planning in meeting needs, shaky living conditions, lack of comprehensive support, material barriers, disconnection from society, and individual indicators.
Discussion: The results of this research show that the teenagers in foster care centers, they face fewer obstacles and challenges to start and continue a successful independent life, that the lifestyle in the centers is more similar to the natural conditions of the family, and from other regular and comprehensive support should be taken into onsideration for every teenager before leaving the center.