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  Introduction: The issue of participation and political legitimacy for the political stability and continuity is a fundamental principal .All the various times, political legitimacy as a quality of government has been associated with obedience. This study presents a sociological analysis of the relationship between participations, legitimacy and social factors which affect the political legitimacy among social groups of Babol, based on the views of participation, legitimacy and the legitimacy crisis.

  Method: The research method is survey (Casual- comparative).

  Findings: The result from this research shows that there is not significant relationship between legitimacy and participation but there is a significant relationship between the social status of the groups and their attitude concerning the legitimacy of political system. There is also a significant relationship between the social status of the groups and their tendency toward democracy. While, according to this research, there is no significant relationship between the legitimacy of political system and political participation.

  Conclusion: The research data has indicated a high participation of respondents. While the Score of the respondents to legitimacy of political system is relatively low. Therefore, there is a large gap between the real attitude of the respondents to legitimacy of political system and the behavior of respondents (social participation).

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Introduction: Changes in the demographic and family structure of the country have led to an increase in the number of elderly and the emergence of a new group of elderly women alone. Understanding the situation of this group of women is not very important from the perspective of an outside observer, but from their own perspective in the success of aging programs and social policy for this group. The main question of this study is how this group spends the last years of their lives and what understanding and interpretation they have of their relationships with others.
Method: In this study, the phenomenological approach of Smith, Flowers and Larkin has been used to understand the lived experience of elderly women alone. Study field is the city of Boukan in the province of West Azerbaijan, and the study population is all alone women aged 60 and over. A total of 10 people were selected by purposive sampling method and studied using semi-structured in-depth interviews.
Findings: From the total of interviews, 12 basic concepts were extracted and abstractly categorized into 5 categories, including "feeling of abandonment", "feeling of rejection", "feeling of loneliness", " concerns about decrepitude and overload" and " concerns of dying alone" it was.
Discussion: This study shows that although the lonely and independent life of older women is incompatible with local norms, but structural and value changes in the family have led to the marginalization and expansion of this group of women who, in addition to its issues and problems, have neighborhood supportive benefits.