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This article investigates the governing ideologies of the third and second plan of Development, by using Barrington Moore Jr. “Development program” Theory and also Robert Merton “Means and goals” theory, in order to show the rate of inconsistency between goals and means and also ideological conflict in these two plans.

To gain this objectivs, first. we explained social, cultural, economic and political principles of socialism and liberalism and then, used the method of content analysis for final goals, policies (middle goals), and provision (means) in these two plans. The results show that in both two plan, mostly the goals were socialistic and the means were often liberelistic.

Also the rate of inconsistency between goals and means in the second plan was less than the first plan.

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Abstract: This article seeks to indicate game theory application in everyday behavior analysis. In this case, at the first, has been showed a brief description of game theory and kinds of game, especially prisoner’s dilemma game, chiken game, and social dilemma game. Then, it has been tried to implied a type of everyday behavior that can be analyzed with game theory. This case is about research at interaction between driver’s and gas station agents in the gas stations in Tehran, in order to show social causes of petrol waste in theses stations with the help of game theory. The drivers’ behavior in getting petrol has been searched in 3 kinds: bartering behavior, fair behavior and unfair behavior, and it has been proved petrol waste has tow reasons: Involving drivers’ in social dilemma situations and interaction of drivers’ and petrol station agents in combination of prisoners dilemma game and chicken game. And, petrol waste is a result of drivers’ carelessness involved in the first situations, or drivers’ revenge from petrol station agents and reducing losses of drivers in second situations.

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Objective: This article investigates the affect of Action Space Model on behavior in social dilemma situations. Social dilemma, in rational choice approach, refer to conflict between social interest and collective interest, in witch following self interest from most of the people lead to losses of all the people (among whom select self interest). Many factors affect on behavior in social dilemma situation, and one of them is Action Space Model (proposed by Masoued Chalabi), that is surveys the affect of norms and relations governing in Parsonsian four extreme points (AGLI) on behavior in social dilemma situations. Chalabi (in continuation of some thinker such as Burns) critics the mainstream of Game Theory and says it is metahistorical and metasocial, and doesn't contemplate social context and background of game, and players cultural framework, norms and morals. They try to expand classic game theory under the new title of Social Game Theory and speak of various game theories, proportionate to different social relations and different social context (action space). Parsonsian action space has four main subsystem (AGIL scheme) and basic hypothesis of this theory is that position of each specific phenomenon in action space, in each level, approximately determinate behavior of that phenomenon. Prisoner's dilemma game agrees with A. In G, an authority or status relationship leads to common assumption of preference and judgment, so that asymmetric outcome of game is a kind of social equilibrium. In I, outcome of game is a cooperative equilibrium, and certainly optimum equilibrium. There isn't any possibility to prisoner's dilemma game, in L. For completing Chalabi model, the author tries to test some other games, in additional to prisoner's dilemma game. In A, the dominant game is prisoner's dilemma game. In G, superior player games on the basis of prisoner's dilemma game and inferior player plays on the basis of chicken game. In I, there is trust game or coordinate game, and finally, in L, if there is any possibility for dominant game, it is same to I. Method: In this article, we use survey on 730 respondents to our questionnaire in Tehran, and result tested by Logistic Regression. Reliability of questionnaire with Cronbach Alpha is equal to 0.7905. Findings & Results:In this article, the result proved Chalabi model and it's dominant on other presenting models, so we can explain behavior in the social dilemma by relationship, norms and situation of action. In all 5 Parsonsian area (with accounting two kind for G: superior and inferior), there is 1 to 3 percent improvement in explanation (power of forecasting) in general model (with all 34 factors that affect on behavior in social dilemma) in compression with Chalabi model (with only 3 factors). But, the preference of Chalabi model is its lower amount of factors. Therefore, Chalabi model is a suitable model to examination of actor's behavior in extreme area in social dilemma situations. Furthermore, the result shows that trust game and coordination game isn't appropriate games to explain behavior in I and L area and we must try to find another of games for these two areas.

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Introduction: The planning system in Iran is influenced by the ruling political and social discourses, and that what place such discourses hold for subjects and categories is represented in development programs. Among the very important subjects is the subject of “women”. According to the meaning and identity the subject of women has in the discourse of the executive states of the development,  the signifier of “gender equity”  is either considered to be the same as in the planning system or is left idle . Hence, it is the attention or inattention of the development programs to the gender equity that could lead to its establishment or continuation of gender inequity.
Method: Using the discourse analysis of Luclau and Mouffe,  the representation of discursive conflicts of gender equity in the Development plans was investigated.
Findings: Development plans after the revolution, in terms of paying attention to the subject of women, have been by the ongoing discursive  conflicts in the political arena.  The analyses showed that in the first and second programs, educational justice  and the imminent implication of health equity have been taken into consideration. The signs of “increase of occupation chances for women and their occupational promotion”, “paying attention to gender combination of labor force supply”, “promotion of women’s occupational skills” by referring to signified  of “economic equity”; and the signs of “essential reforms in legal affairs”, “facilitating the legal and judicial affairs of women”, “legal services”, “protecting the women rights”, “reviewing the rules and regulations” and “legal preparation for removing violence against women”, organize the semantic system of “legal equity” in the reforming discourse. The “Planning for a Health Promotion and Lifestyle Health Education Program” statement is an inadequate indication of health equity and “access to equal educational opportunities ” is a representation of “educational equity” which the discourse of political development has included it in the third and fourth programs. In the fifth program of development, the signs of “promotion of women’s health” and “establishment of the House of Health for girls and women” are taken into consideration as “hygiene equity”. Although “development and the organization of economic-subsistence affairs” represents the “economic equity”,  since it emphasizes the female-headed women and the household occupations, it doesn’t contain the whole sense of economic equity. The statements of “supply of the required trainings appropriate to the role of boys and girls” and “guaranteeing the access to equal training opportunities appropriate to gender” refers to the signified educational equity and cover its sense totally. Also, the discourse analysis of gender equity in the sixth program of development indicates that the discourse ruling the sixth program of development is formed with pivotal signs of “gender equity” and with the signified “occupational chances”, “health & hygiene”, “literacy of women”, “reform of legal system” (in the family domine) and “participation in decision-making and decision-taking”(not the opportunity of political equality). These semantic signs contain economic equity, hygiene equity, educational equity, the imperfect implication of legal equity and inadequate political equity.
Discussion: Regarding the findings, it can be said that gender equity is one of the semantic signs of discourses of reform and moderation, with the conception of equality as analogy. . Hence, the gender sensitivity of the third, fourth and six programs of development should be considered, as if the structural limitations have exposed them to enmities and the critics of the rival discourses which prevents the programs from a complete implementation.