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Objectives: Injecting heroin is the most common documented reason for HIV infectious in IRAN. Drug Injection is the most common type of misusing opiate in homeless addicted persons. Different studies found that there are specific relationships between drug abuse, injecting with shared needles and other risky behaviors which are related to HIV infection and personality and behavioral characteristics such impulsivity.

Method: According to high prevalence of heroin injection in homeless opioid dependents in Tehran, Iranian Police Force in cooperation with Drug Court and Ministry of Health, systematic intervention in homeless people in city of Tehran’ project, perform a methadone maintenance program for these people for 3 months in Shafagh rehabilitation center. In duration of therapy, some serologic examinations were done for diagnose and perform next interventions because of acquisition of HIV Infectious. This research was designed to examine and compare of some behavioral scales between 2 groups (HIV⁺  and HIV^-) before accomplishment of therapy. 52 persons selected in this research (25 HIV⁺  and 27 HIV^-) and Barret Impulsiveness Scale, Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire, Delay Discounting Task, demographic information form and clinical interview performed for gathering databases.

Finding: HIV infectious was related to injection drug history; in addition, HIV infectious was related to prison history. The difference in impulsivity scale of Barret and Eysenck Questionnaires between 2 groups was significant.

Results: the high rate of impulsivity and probability of sharing needles in injection drug users in compare of other injection drug users leads to progressing AIDS. High rate of impulsivity and sharing needles are two most important anticipations for acquisition of AIDS.

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Objective: We reviewed the public health interventions for preventing domestic violence in women and assessed efficacy of these interventions. Methods: We searched articles in PubMed, Scopus databases, and related systematic reviews in Cochrane database by the means of related key words: domestic violence, intimate partner violence, partner abuse, spouse abuse, battered women, and sexual abuse. Also, references list and papers of experts were searched. By reviewing, analyzing, and classifying the related interventions, we assessed their efficacy. Findings: The results were analyzed from 15 articles and 2 systematic reviews in which the impact of public health intervention for prevention or decreasing domestic violence in women had been studied. There are two types of interventions to help women experiencing or have experienced domestic violence: system-centered intervention (such as empowering staff to identify and manage the domestic violence cases), and women-centered intervention (such as education and psychological and therapeutic counseling for women). Findings showed that these interventions are effective for prevention or decreasing domestic violence cases. Conclusion: This study showed that educating and empowering public health staff increased the rates of identifying and managing domestic violence cases. We also found that education about predisposing factors of domestic violence and communicational and adaptive skills to women led to decreasing in domestic violence cases.

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Objectives: Social cognition is composed of variety of processes that result in perception of self, others and social world. Theory of Mind (ToM) is the high level processing and analysis that organizes social cognition data by reflecting and projecting other mind states in self mind environment. Impairment in social cognition and ToM is one of the suspected problems of substance abusers, and play role in addictive behavior especially in social relations. In this study we tried to evaluate some aspects of ToM and Social Cognition among opiate addicts in comparison to normal group. Methods: We used Persian computerized version of Eyes Task (ET) and Facial Emotional Expression Recognition Task (FERT), over 52 normal person and 50 opiate addicts referred to Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS).We also use Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM), Eysenck Impulsivity Questionnaire -7 (EIQ-7) and Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Findings: We found that there is a significant difference in mean score of ET task and FERT between groups (p<0.01). Also there is significant difference in mean scores of RPM, BDI, and Impulsivity subscale of EIQ between groups. Using multivariate analysis for ET & FERT scores including all possible related variables revealed that there is significant effect for Addiction (group) and RPM (Intelligence quotient) score on ET score, and Addiction & Empathy on FERT score. Conclusion: In this study opiate abusers showed significant impairment in some aspects of social cognition in relation to normal group with fixation and matching of other related variables. Results of this study should be concluded with respect to other cognitive deficits correlated to opiate abuse and brain areas involved coordinately in response inhibition, risky decision making, emotional processing and social cognition. Basic and clinical implication of "impaired social cognition" should be considered in therapeutic interventions for opiate dependents.