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Objective: Women's health status and awareness of their biological, mental and social characteristics and needs in planning, health system reforms and primaiy health care, are the main priorities in strategic areas of health development. In the past two decades researchers and policymakers have paid special attention to women's health development activities and administration. This article compares the women's health development administration in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Japan as developed countries, with focus on their organizational structures. Method: This article is based on a descriptive and comparative study. The results have been used to design and develop an appropriate and applicable model for women's health administration in Iran. The designed model has been finalized by using Delphi Technique. Findings: The countries were divided in two categories. United States and Canada had a focused and advanced administration system in their women's health activities. They have strategic planning in women's health priority issues and special organizational structures which relatively has been successful. United Kingdom and Japan used different policies focused on the mother and children's health and their administrative policies were based on this view. Results: An appropriate structural designed model for women' health in Iran was formulated based on results of this study.

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Objectives: This study is to analyze which factors of social capital are more effective than others to ease and accelerate cooperation among members of Rural Production Cooperative in order to implement rural developmental programs in Mazandaran province of Iran. Method: This was a descriptive- correlation study is a survey type. The population in the study consisted of 5746 farmers in Mazandaran province, By a proportional stratified random sampling technique, 362 farmers of the population were chosen as our sample. A questionnaire was designed to gather data needed for the study. Finding: The finding of this study indicates that, there was a significant difference between members and non- members regarding bridging social capital components. Exchange of information between communities, trust to institutions, measure of awareness and formal relationship networks were the most important factors that distinguish two groups and make 71.2 % of population distinctive. Result: This reaearch shows that Members of Rural Production Cooperative have more bridging social capital than non-members.

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Objectives: In 1380, there were 3,761,000 drug users. They included 1,158,000 addict and 1,390,000 drug abusers. In Iran, around 65 percent of drug dependent men are married. In spite of the important role of their wives in the family, the problems of this group have not been investigated yet. This study aimed to determine their problems. According to the opinion of these women social problems are the most important. Therefore this paper discusses their social problems in order to assess necessary social supports. Method: A qualitative study was designed based on focus group discussions (FGD) and in depth interviews. A total of 20 addict men from two age categories, 33 addict men’s wives from three age and education categories and several therapists selected from a referral drug abuse treatment center in the eastern district of Tehran. Information was collected based on open questions. These categories included social aspects, social and interpersonal relationships, satisfaction with the relationships and family security. Findings: Four categories of social problems were found in the 6 FGD and 15 in depth interviews. These categories included social aspects, social and interpersonal relationships, satisfaction with the relationships and family security. Social rejecting and labeling were expressed by most of the interviewed persons. Most of them declared that their relationships had been limited. In most meetings women took part without their husbands and their relationships were restricted to persons who were accepted by the addict husband, such as other addicts and drug dealers. On the other hands, the family security has been threatened by the addict husband, neighbors and other people in society. At the same time, most husbands were not aware about such problems. Results: Wives of addict men are one of the disadvantaged groups of the society. Destigmatization of the families, involving the families in self help groups and providing needed social services are recommended.

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Objectives: Youth are a significant proportion of Iranian population and one of the main problems of them is delinquent behavior. This study investigates the relationship between the socio-economic factors and high school students' delinquency in Abadeh County. Method: Selection of variables was mostly based on the theories of social control as presented by scholars such as Gut Fredson and Travis Hirshi. The research is quantitative and uses survey method. The sample under study consists of about 500 male and female students were randomly selected. The related data was collected by self report questionnaires. By using SPSS package and inferential statistics, 16 hypotheses are tested. Findings: Using one-way analysis of variances and multiple regression techniques for explaining the data, the findings show that attachment to friends, religiosity and mass media use on the whole can explain 31 percent of variations of Juvenile delinquency in Abadeh County. Results: The findings demonstrate that as friend ties become stronger and attachment to friend's increases, severity of acts of delinquency increase also religious beliefs prevent delinquency and reinforcement of religiosity identity can decreases delinquency rates. Also, reducing the aggressive content of mass media programs decreases delinquent acts in youth.

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Objective: Health is one of the main national indicators that is affected by macroeconomic variables and impact on them. In this paper, the effect of macroeconomic variables on two health indicators. i.e. life expectancy at birth and under-5 mortality rate, is tested. Method: VECM model is used. Findings: The variables economic growth, unemployment rate, inflation rate, balance of payment, and Gini coefficient had significant negative effects on health and health expenditure and government expenditure had significant positive effects on health outcomes. Conclusion: All macroeconomic variables effect on health, so economic planners should pay attention to health and health care programs and public wellbeing in accordance with other macroeconomic policy-making.

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Objective: We reviewed the public health interventions for preventing domestic violence in women and assessed efficacy of these interventions. Methods: We searched articles in PubMed, Scopus databases, and related systematic reviews in Cochrane database by the means of related key words: domestic violence, intimate partner violence, partner abuse, spouse abuse, battered women, and sexual abuse. Also, references list and papers of experts were searched. By reviewing, analyzing, and classifying the related interventions, we assessed their efficacy. Findings: The results were analyzed from 15 articles and 2 systematic reviews in which the impact of public health intervention for prevention or decreasing domestic violence in women had been studied. There are two types of interventions to help women experiencing or have experienced domestic violence: system-centered intervention (such as empowering staff to identify and manage the domestic violence cases), and women-centered intervention (such as education and psychological and therapeutic counseling for women). Findings showed that these interventions are effective for prevention or decreasing domestic violence cases. Conclusion: This study showed that educating and empowering public health staff increased the rates of identifying and managing domestic violence cases. We also found that education about predisposing factors of domestic violence and communicational and adaptive skills to women led to decreasing in domestic violence cases.

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  Introduction: The present study aimed to introduce the temporary marriage and to evaluate its position in Tehran.

  Method: this is a descriptive study. 395 residents of Tehran were selected either single or married. An attitude questionnaire was used for gathering the data.

  Findings: The results of the study have shown that there is at least 9.1 of temporary marriage in the families of the study sample. 25% of the cases said that they were ready for temporary marriage. Culture, family objection, logical objection and permanent wife’s objection are the main obstruct for temporary marriage in Iran. Also, men, single people, employed people, residents of the south and people with a history of temporary marriage in their family have tendency toward temporary marriage. Although 25 % of the study population was inclined to temporary marriage, its prevalence in the society is about 9 %.

Conclusion: The main obstacles for temporary marriage are culture and family.

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  Introduction: Women's health is one of the most important public health priorities and one of the Millennium Development Goals. In the life course approach, various factors can influence women's health. This paper reviews is the historical background of women’s health managerial activities in policy making and planning, and considers some important issues such as women's health needs and services, women's health indicators, women's health information and researches. It also focuses on their role in improving health system performance and responsiveness for women's health promotion.

  Methods: This review study is done by literatures got from international and national databases, journals, books and reports using selected keywords. Also in some parts of the article we used the statistics and reports on international sites like WHO and UN at the international level and also some data from Department of Health and Medical Education of Iran.

  Findings: Women's research could be helpful for providing community based on information and result in eradicating the women's health obstacles. Additionally, continue the monitoring of women's health and mutual interactions of academicals, managerial and planning organizations could be suitable in identification of needs and removing the information gap in this field.

  Discussion : Despite of holding many conferences and also revolutions took place in this area, there are still several deficiencies. Data shows the remarkable gap between different geographical regions and social classes in various countries especially in developing countries. The aim of this paper is to discuss all aspects of women's health, and review policies and health situation of women, in order to provide suggestion for women's health promotion in all aspects, especially in women's health care management, research and monitoring.

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  Introduction: Improvement citizens` health and sanitary statue is a sign of human development in any society. In this study the importance of fair sanitary – treatment facilities and indexes distribution were considered, besides, the role of health and sanitary indicators in improving the citizens’ life quality and sustainable development of the region, the distribution and development play a very important role comparatively among the cities of Azerbaijan Province.

  Method: In this study the descriptive-analytic one and quantitative data analysis techniques such as, Z score index, Spearman coefficient correlation, Topsis multi attribute decision making technique, AHP and clustered hierarchal data analysis method were used.

  Findings: There is widespread deficiency regarding the distribution of sanitary-treatment indexes throughout the province and the allocation of facilities is not in line with the cites’ population needs.

Discussion: As the administrative, political and economic center of Azerbaijan, -Orumiyeh city - is outstandingly the most developed one regarding health-treatment indicators compared the other cities. Shahin-dej, Mahabad, Maku, Takaab, Naghade are ranked next to Orumiye respectively and thus are known as semi-developed cities in this regard. The remaining cities were identified as deprived

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Introduction: Being a member of policy maker and a service provider institute and regarding to their duties so that some employees of the ministry of welfare and social security interact directly and indirectly with the clients providing qualitative services and finally, satisfying the targeted society is one of the significant goals and missions of this ministry. This survey is aimed to study the influence of level of emotional quotient of employees on their produced services in the Ministry of welfare and Social security.

 

Method: This is a descriptive-survey study. The sampling method is selected regarding the limited statistical society and its accuracy. the survey is done as a census. The statistical society is all formal and contracted employees of the Ministry. A sample of 200 employees was selected randomly. To assess the emotional quotient using Daniel Gellman questionnaire, four elements were used: self-consciousness, self-management, social awareness, and relation management. To asses service quality, local standard questionnaire was used and its narrativity was assured by experts. Data analysis was done by SPSS 16 besides linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between all independent and dependent variables of hypothesis tests.

 

Findings: There is a meaningful relation between emotional quotient of employees and level of their services in the Ministry. Moreover, the relationship between all four aspects of emotional quotient and level of service quality was proved. Regarding the findings of all hypothesis, it can be said that among all minor independent variables, self-management of employees has the most (R²=0.34) and self-consciousness has the least (R²=0.09) influence on dependent variable (level of service quality of employees).

 

 

 

Discussion: The quality of services produced by employees of the ministry can be improved and a win-win environment can be obtained by improving and reinforcing their emotional quotient so that both employees and clients will be advantageous. The results show that service quality can be influenced by intellectual factors like emotional quotient. This is surprising for the government sector regarding its nature.

 

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Introduction: Security is one of the fundamental components of social welfare and women as the human wealth of any society have an effective role in promoting the social transcendence and goals. This study aimed to determine the social factors affecting the sense of security in women of Sanandaj city.

 

Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 18 to 65 year old women of Sanandaj city and 250 samples were selected by multi-period clustering sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data gathering. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation, Tukey and regression tests.

 

Findings: There was no significant relationship between women’s sense of social security in Sanandaj city and economic and social status, appropriate clothing, religiosity and the use of mass media, but there was significant positive correlation between women's sense of social security and social protection (p=0.0001 r=0.399) and place of residence (p=0.0001 r=0.502). These two parameters predicted approximately 30% of the variance of the women’s sense of social security in Sanandaj city.

 

Discussion: Parameters of place of residence and social support security are effective on women’s sense of social security in Sanandaj city and the poor economic status, street harassment and wife abuse are major concerns of many women in this city.

 

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  Introduction: One of the most important topics in sociology is the study of offense and social deviations. Along the offense idea, which disrupts social discipline, social capital is a complicated idea, which is known as one of the most important indexes for growth and development in every society. Social capital is the source of participation and cooperation among society members, which results in formation of rationalized social, trust and participation among people of a society.

  Method: This study is conducted with survey method between two groups of criminals and noncriminal of above 18 years old. In the present study 230 people were criminals and 230 were ordinary people. To choose the control group (ordinary people), the classification was conducted, at first according to the got frequency of criminal people and the homogenization of ordinary people with criminals in terms of gender, age and employment status The Logistic regression was used to find out the relation between dimensions of social capital and crime commitment. Therefore, the variable of crime was considered as a two-categorical variable, and then, by the Enter method, the dimensions of social capital were inserted in the model. Meanwhile the frequency of those people in terms of age, gender and employment status was considered. The data analyzed by SPSS software.

  Findings: Among criminals, 66.8% were unemployed and 33.2% were employed, and, 72% of non-criminals were unemployed and 28% were employed. As it is observable, the number of employed criminals (before being imprisoned) is more than the unemployed ones. Thus, the number of employed and unemployed people is equal in two groups.

  Among all the remained variables in the equation, the variable of social participation has the maximum explication. According to the table results about this variable, the ratio of superiority for the social participation variable is 1.972, which shows that by a two-time change in social participation, the probability of becoming criminal would decrease. The second effective variable is doing social norms by responders. The increase in this variable would decrease the probability of becoming criminal.

  Discussion : The results showed there is a significant and negative relationship between the social capital and offense commitment of the responders. As the social capital increases, the probability of becoming criminal would decrease and it had been confirmed in Fukuya’s study. He had mentioned there is an inverse and negative relationship between social capital and crime commitment and the increase in social capital would lead to the decrease in the offense commitment. The other studies such as Kang J (2009), Hawdon (2009) had confirmed this relationship. Totally, in theoretical social capital, the offense commitment is under the influence of social capital and most of the studies conducted in this realm have confirmed their negative and inverse relationship. Because a person with high social capital, has higher relations, participations and trust however, the negative dimension of social capital, which is found out by theorists such as Putnam, should not be neglected. Basically, social capital can be used against social purposes. It is important to recognize and flourish the positive social capital, which is advantageous to the growth and development.

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Introduction: Effective Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions are essential to the successful implementation of national social policy including social security reform and also the design and strategic management of integrated social security programs. This study was performed in order to investigate the impact ICT on citizens’ social security and the amount in which they feel secured.

 

Method: This study is a survey and is practical. The statistical populations of the research were region 2 citizens of Urmia city. In order to achieve the research purposes, we made a main hypothesis and three subsidiaries hypotheses. The tools consist of a questionnaire containing 17 questions in order to test these hypotheses. After evaluating the validity and reliability, 327 people were chosen as statistical population according to Morgan table and Stratified random sampling. Finally, all the questionnaires were collected and then the information was categorized and summarized. Descriptive and inferential analyses (Pearson correlation test) were also used to do the data analysis.

 

Findings: For more detailed conclusions, social security is classified to three components social trust of citizens, social policy and economic identity. The results showed that among the region 2 citizens of Urmia, ICT have a positive impact on social security. It was also concluded that ICT has had the greatest impact on social trust.

 

Discussion: According to the finding of this study, ICT can become an enabling tool for wider socio-economic security development. When properly used

 

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Introduction: One of the most important advances in theory of sociology is increased attention to lifestyle as a key concept in explaining human social behavior. Lifestyle includes physical preferences, appearance, housing, work, and leisure habits that distinguish citizens from each other. In recent years, healthy lifestyle has been attention by sociologists. Paying attention to lifestyle and health change behavioral and mental dimensions due to improvement of health. Happyness, confidence, energy, strength, and health are all qualities an individual wants. The real question is how bad they want it. It is really not as hard as it seems. Gradually changing your life into a well balanced, healthy lifestyle can be done. It may be hard getting rid of old habits, but it is well worth it. Start with little changes and less excuses. Living a healthy lifestyle is not a diet or some ridiculous weight loss challenge. Living a healthy lifestyle is a melting pot of several factors. One is not able to live a healthy lifestyle without a solid diet and workout foundation. The harmful side effects of processed food, drugs, alcohol, and sleep deprivation trump one’s life while mental and emotional stability aids in a healthy lifestyle. According to the World Health Organization, only one in ten people exercise regularly and a majority does not follow a healthy diet. The main culprit is our penchant for junk food as can be seen from the popularity of fast food chains and other western eateries. Even local foods such as fried noodles, friend rice, snacks, and savories are laden with fat and calories. Thus, consuming this type of food on a daily basis can contribute to weight gain. Overweight and obese people suffer from many health complications such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and even cancer. Leading a healthy lifestyle is a conscious decision. One can ignore that and lead a life that exposes one too many health hazards. It is important to recognize that a healthy living ensures a longer life span as well as a life free of disease and complications. Hence, the emphasis on healthy lifestyle should start at young ages. Parents must urge their children to eat more vegetables, fruits, juices, whole meal and wholegrain foods. Many parents, due to time constraint, usually find the easy way out by cooking two-minute noodles or heading towards the nearest fast food joint for quick meal. They do not realize however that sets the stage for an unhealthy lifestyle for their children who quickly become addicted to such foods. Thus, parents can counter this problem by cooking or preparing meals that do not take up time such as cheese sandwiches, soup, stir fried vegetables or buy pre-packed meals from supermarkets which can be warmed up in the microwave oven.

Change in healthy lifestyle can be made facilitated by a number of factors including types of capital (social, cultural and economic). Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between different types of Capital and healthy lifestyle. It seems that the city of Sanandaj in Kurdistan province due to cultural differences in ethnic and linguistic terms with other parts of Iran, in the field of lifestyle is suitable for the evaluation.

This study intends to analyze effect of variety of women's capital on healthy lifestyle and tries to answer this question that what is the effect of types and sizes of capital (economic, social and cultural) on women's choice of healthy lifestyle in Sanandaj?

Method: This paper is a descriptive and non-laboratory study was conducted using survey techniques. The population were all of the over 18 year old women of the city of Sanandaj. The sample size was chosen based on Cochran formula (310) and stratified cluster sampling method is determined. The data collection tool has been a combination of questionnaires researcher made and standards that were valid and reliable.

Findings: Results of research on the status of healthy lifestyle of women in Sanandaj based on six dimensions show that situation of women is moderate in four dimensions (spiritual growth and self-actualization, accountability of health, interpersonal relationships, and nutrition), but in both the exercise and stress management is low. Moreover, the findings indicated two types of capital (economic and cultural) and their aspects and dimension of social networks from social capital index, with varying degrees of severity, has significant relationship with healthy lifestyle.

Discussion: So, it can be argued that factors of cultural and economic capital have positive effect on selection of healthy lifestyle. In addition to the components of social capital and network index which leading to the expansion of the collaborative activities and public relations have significant effect. In other words, it seems that women linkage in respect to growth of awareness about health and their engagement in different activities has been helpful in selection of type of lifestyle.

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Introduction: Considering recent increase in child adoption prevalence as a family completing manner in Iran; few comprehensive studies have been conducted to verify adopted children’s behavioral and physical problems. Therefore, the present study aims to clarify challenges which adoptive families experience in this aria.
Method: In order to achieve the objectives of this study, a qualitative research was performed according to grounded theory method. Thirty adoptive parents participated in this study. First, samples were selected through purposive sampling, then theoretical sampling was used to achieve data saturation, and semi-structured interview was used for data collection.
Findings:  Six main categories emerged from the data analysis: “adoption threatening factors” represented phenomenon, “child’s physical and behavioral issues” appeared as causal conditions, “child and environment potencies” appeared as a protective intervening factor, whereas “child’s pre-adoption adversities” and “influences of children with special needs” demonstrated threatening intervening conditions, and “parenting strategies” displayed measures taken by adoptive parents in order to manage their adopted children. 
Discussion: The category of “adoption satisfaction” was the consequence of applying these strategies. Despite adoptee’s experienced adversities and their adjustment problems, multiple factors such as receiving pre-adoption information, being prepared, dissolving infertility issues, adoptive parent’s agreement about adoption decision, and social supports can be referred to as protective factors.

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the sociological components related to the participation of donors in health charities.
Method: The sample population in this qualitative-quantitative research, in a descriptive and correlational manner, is 230 health system donors based on the database of 2018-20 charitable organizations in 31 provinces of the country. In the qualitative part of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 donors and the analysis of these topics in Maxqda software, led to the identification of components related to donor participation to prepare a researcher-made questionnaire.  
Findings: In this study, %29.1 of the participants are female and the rest are male, and also %40.8 of the participants are government and the rest are free. The results show that there is a significant relationship between empathy and belonging, social trust and commitment, participatory structures, philanthropic  background, social awareness and especially religious beliefs with the donors’ participatory action and between place of residence and birth, education, social network and income, with Donor participation is not a significant relationship.
Discussion: According to the donors, creating social awareness among members of society is of the utmost importance; Therefore, it is possible to receive a high level of social awareness in these people. On the other hand, the lowest average was related to income, which indicates that being good does not necessarily mean having high incomes, and a review of charitable and charitable social activities confirms this.
 

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Introduction: The importance of improving the level of health and treatment as one of the criteria for sustainable development led us to measure the health index in the cities of Semnan province during the period of 1393-1396 and compare it with other regions of Iran as a whole. Firstly, the situation of Semnan province cities is examined in the mentioned period; Secondly, the gap between and among them is assessed; Finally, the gap between the cities of the province and other regions of Iran is evaluated.
Method: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. In this study, the Shannon Entropy Method is used to obtain the weights associated with 17 selected criteria, and using the numerical Taxonomic method to compute health index.
Findings: The general situation of urban areas of Semnan province is favorable in terms of having health and medical indicators compared to Iran, but over time it has been declining. Meanwhile, the situation in the cities of Semnan and Shahroud has improved, but the situation in the cities of Damghan and Garmsar is still declining. Also, in 1393 and 1394, the health gap between the cities of Semnan province and other regions of Iran in favor of the cities of Semnan province was very large, but during the next two years, this gap has decreased.
Discussion: Shahroud city has always been the most beneficial city of Semnan province in terms of health and medical indicators. The average of the health index over a four-year period indicates that Semnan, Damghan, Garmsar and the whole country were ranked next, respectively. In addition, the trend of index among the studied areas indicates the convergence of the regions in terms of health index.

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Introduction: One of the most significant chalanges during retirement period is the isuue of quality of life. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cultural, economical, and social capital on the quality of life of the retired teachers in Jawanroud, a county in Kermanshah Province in 2020.
Method: The method of this study is descriptive-analytic. 170 teachers were randomly selected as the sample of the study. Questionnaires were utilized to gather the data. The instruments used were a researcher-made questionnaire on cultural, economic, and social capital as well as the standard quality of life questionnaire of the World Health Organization (WHO). Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis’ comparative tests as well as multivariate regression were used to analyze the data.
Findings: The results of the study indicated that the mean of social factor and quality of life of the retired teachers in Jawanroud was obove the average (3.43). The mean of social variable of retired children (3.50) was more than economic (2.50) and cultural (1.40) one. Cultural varaiable was more among women than men while social and economic of men were more that that of women. The results also demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between the quality of life and the variables of age and education. Finally, the regression analysis indicated that the cultural, economical, and social capital as well as the quality of life had a significant correlation with each other, and these three variables had 0.56 of prediction for quality of life and its elements.
Discussion: Therefore, it can be concluded that cultural, economic and social capital are the most important capital for explaning the quality of life of the retired teachers, which should be taken into account by those in charge in this regard.
 

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Introduction: Female-headed households’s lives face challenges due to the absence or weakness of male supervision. Factors such as human biological and social changes have broadened the upward trend of this particular type of female guardianship, and from another perspective, cognition based on the Emic method means cognition from within and awareness of the biological experience and quality of life of these social groups, which will be an effective step in their planning and management. The purpose of this study is to analyze the narrative and identify their dimensions of women heads of households about the concept of poverty in Tehran's 19th district.
Method: The method of this research is qualitative. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 women heads of households in the area. The sample size was determined based on the theoretical saturation criterion as 15. Thematic analysis of narration based on Brown and Clark method in Nvivo 10 software was used to analyze the interview data.
Finding:  Analysis eventually led to the emergence of the following four main categories: biotic erosion, social reconstruction of motherhood, rejection, and reproduction of poverty. These findings show that despite the difficult situation and the poor quality of life of this group of women, financial assistance and support from official institutions, even at low levels along with public assistance, play an important role in their lives.
Discussion:  The important point is that in many cases, these formal and informal protections have only helped to maintain their status quo and have rarely empowered them. That is, it only ensures the survival of their current status with the mentioned characteristics, therefore, directing support is very effective, especially in the field of their employment.


 

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Introduction: Responsiveness is a main component of the health system which is related to the social characteristics of the society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of the health system in the slum areas of Ahvaz.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, 385 residents of the marginal areas of Ahvaz city were selected by multi-stage sampling method Data were collected using Socio demographic-checklist and WHO responsiveness questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS V22 applying descriptive statistics tests, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and t-test.
Findings: The age range of the participants was 18 to 97 years with an average of (42.84±16.56). Women constituted 66% of the research population. 76% were married, 26% were illiterate and 4.4% had university education. 85.7 percent of participants under 5 million people. 66.2% used government service providers. 80% had health insurance and 15.1%  had supplementary insurance. Performance of in-patient services was better than outpatient services in terms of responsiveness. Aspect “Choice” received low score for outpatient and inpatient services. Almost 13% of respondents perceived some sort of discrimination while receiving inpatient service. Responsiveness of the participants in this study was significant relationship in all aspects with the type of service provider (charity/private/government), in the aspect of communication with the type of service provision (outpatient/inpatient), in the aspect of informed choice and confidentiality with the having supplementary insurance.  
     Discussion: Paying attention to the quality of facilities, access to social support and choice is suggested as a criterion with points for planning for change in order to improve the responsiveness of the health system in marginalized areas.