Volume 24, Issue 92 (5-2024)
refahj 2024, 24(92): 199-236 |
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Ethics code: IR.IAU.AHVAZ.REC.1402.045
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taghavi J, makvandi B, jayrvand H. (2024). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Forgiveness-based Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment-based therapy on Marital Boredom and Life Orientation of Women Affected by Infidelity. refahj. 24(92), : 6 doi:10.32598/refahj.24.92.4367.1
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-4219-en.html
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-4219-en.html
Keywords: Infidelity, Approach based on forgiveness, Approach based on acceptance and commitment, Marriage, Women affected by spouse’s infidelity
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Introduction
One of the primary institutions in the human system is the family; Patterson and his colleagues (2019) consider the importance of the family to have a high position not only because of creating a suitable environment for spouses, but also because it has the task of socializing and educating future generations. The structure of a family is usually established formally from the path of acquaintance and marriage, and marriage is considered the source of various pleasant and unpleasant experiences; meanwhile, marital satisfaction as a person's attitude towards the marital relationship is a general assessment of the person's current romantic relationship and it can be a reflection of their level of satisfaction with the marital relationship and the occurrence of any behavior that has a negative impact on this level.There are deep damages in the relationship of the couple and especially the injured person, which according to the social and cultural issues, among them, women experience more damage. Therefore, with the understanding of such importance and the high position of concepts such as responsibility, mutual understanding, acceptance and forgiveness, this article examines the effect of approaches on marital dissatisfaction and life direction of women affected by infidelity.
Method
The current research design is a semi-experimental one with a pre-test-post-test design with three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) and a three-month follow-up with the control group, during which the statistical population of this study includes married women in Rasht who have experienced infidelity in their current marital relationship. During the research, 90 subjects were selected purposefully and were randomly placed in the training and control groups. Subjects were first tested by the relevant pre-test questionnaires and after the implementation of the training sessions for the re-testing groups from all three groups, and the results were statistically analyzed.
Findings
In this research, to analyze the demographic data and describe the predictive variables using descriptive statistics methods such as frequency, average percentage, standard deviation, to calculate the reliability and validity of the tools using Cronbach's alpha methods and to analyze the research hypotheses using the analysis of variance method with repeated measurements and LSD post hoc test. Using 22SPSS software
According to the results, the participants in the research in the pre-test and before the interventions had high scores in marital boredom and low scores in life orientation. According to the data, the average results of the test groups decreased in marital boredom and increased in life orientation after the intervention. This finding means that the implementation of ACT therapy sessions and the approach of forgiveness has intuitively caused a change in the scores of the dependent variables of the research. In the following, the progeny is subjected to inferential analysis and the results are presented.
Table 1: Descriptive findings of research variables before and after the intervention
Finally, according to the compliance of the assumptions in the variables of marital dissatisfaction and life orientation in the statistical sample of the research, analysis of variance was used to test the hypotheses of the research. Therefore, in order to compare the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and therapy based on forgiveness on the variables of marital dissatisfaction and life orientation in the statistical sample of the research, the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements was used. In this analysis, post-test scores as dependent variables, group variable as independent variable, and pre-test scores as fixed variables were entered into the repeated measurement analysis of variance equation. In this section, the inferential data analysis report is presented.
Table 2: Summary of variance analysis of repeated measures for the effects of both interventions on dependent variables
Considering that the F value calculated for the effect of groups for the variables of marital dissatisfaction (F = 192.244) and life orientation (F = 304.747) is significant at the 5% level (P < 0.05). In fact, it can be said that there is a significant difference between the groups in the scores of the tests before and after the work, and the interventions had a significant effect on the research variables.
Table 3: The results of the LSD post hoc test to investigate the difference in the effectiveness of the treatment based on acceptance and commitment and the treatment based on forgiveness on the research variables.
Discussion
The current research has sought to investigate the effectiveness of the forgiveness-based approach and the act-based approach on marital disappointment and life adjustment in women affected by infidelity. It can be seen that both therapeutic approaches used have been effective on the considered variables, which shows the confirmation of the research hypotheses that considering the effectiveness of forgiveness treatment; therefore, it can be said that forgiveness is the process of understanding the concept of action and voluntary relinquishment of the right. Anger and disgust can be regarded as very good featues for the offended person to have warm and loving behavior with the oppressed person. Therefore, those who score higher in forgiveness are likely to use dysfunctional beliefs about their spouse as well as commitment through improved emotional avoidance, improved reactions, and identification of values, the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital conflict. Besides, commitment to behavioral changes has been able to help women improve their marital relationships. It should also be noted that according to the obtained results, the effectiveness of the ACT approach was higher.
Ethical Considerations
All authors participated in the research. Also, all participants participated in the research with their consent and the authors assured them that the results of the research will be confidential.
One of the primary institutions in the human system is the family; Patterson and his colleagues (2019) consider the importance of the family to have a high position not only because of creating a suitable environment for spouses, but also because it has the task of socializing and educating future generations. The structure of a family is usually established formally from the path of acquaintance and marriage, and marriage is considered the source of various pleasant and unpleasant experiences; meanwhile, marital satisfaction as a person's attitude towards the marital relationship is a general assessment of the person's current romantic relationship and it can be a reflection of their level of satisfaction with the marital relationship and the occurrence of any behavior that has a negative impact on this level.There are deep damages in the relationship of the couple and especially the injured person, which according to the social and cultural issues, among them, women experience more damage. Therefore, with the understanding of such importance and the high position of concepts such as responsibility, mutual understanding, acceptance and forgiveness, this article examines the effect of approaches on marital dissatisfaction and life direction of women affected by infidelity.
Method
The current research design is a semi-experimental one with a pre-test-post-test design with three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) and a three-month follow-up with the control group, during which the statistical population of this study includes married women in Rasht who have experienced infidelity in their current marital relationship. During the research, 90 subjects were selected purposefully and were randomly placed in the training and control groups. Subjects were first tested by the relevant pre-test questionnaires and after the implementation of the training sessions for the re-testing groups from all three groups, and the results were statistically analyzed.
Findings
In this research, to analyze the demographic data and describe the predictive variables using descriptive statistics methods such as frequency, average percentage, standard deviation, to calculate the reliability and validity of the tools using Cronbach's alpha methods and to analyze the research hypotheses using the analysis of variance method with repeated measurements and LSD post hoc test. Using 22SPSS software
According to the results, the participants in the research in the pre-test and before the interventions had high scores in marital boredom and low scores in life orientation. According to the data, the average results of the test groups decreased in marital boredom and increased in life orientation after the intervention. This finding means that the implementation of ACT therapy sessions and the approach of forgiveness has intuitively caused a change in the scores of the dependent variables of the research. In the following, the progeny is subjected to inferential analysis and the results are presented.
Table 1: Descriptive findings of research variables before and after the intervention
| Variables | Pre-test | post-test | |||
| group | Average | The standard deviation | Average | The standard deviation | |
| Marital heartbreak | Acceptance and commitment therapy group | 93/ 106 | 82/ 7 | 17/ 87 | 08/ 7 |
| Forgiveness-based therapy group | 73/ 104 | 31/ 7 | 66/ 97 | 41/ 7 | |
| control group | 36/ 105 | 81/ 6 | 23/ 106 | 31/ 7 | |
| Life orientation | Acceptance and commitment therapy group | 60/ 6 | 15/ 2 | 50/ 10 | 31/ 2 |
| Forgiveness-based therapy group | 70/ 6 | 03/ 2 | 23/ 8 | 01/ 2 | |
| control group | 00/ 6 | 72/ 1 | 63/ 5 | 67/ 1 | |
Finally, according to the compliance of the assumptions in the variables of marital dissatisfaction and life orientation in the statistical sample of the research, analysis of variance was used to test the hypotheses of the research. Therefore, in order to compare the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and therapy based on forgiveness on the variables of marital dissatisfaction and life orientation in the statistical sample of the research, the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements was used. In this analysis, post-test scores as dependent variables, group variable as independent variable, and pre-test scores as fixed variables were entered into the repeated measurement analysis of variance equation. In this section, the inferential data analysis report is presented.
Table 2: Summary of variance analysis of repeated measures for the effects of both interventions on dependent variables
| Variables | Source of changes | sum of squares | Degrees of freedom | mean square | F value | probability value (p) | Eta coefficient |
| Marital heartbreak | time | 339/ 3371 | 1 | 339/ 3371 | 976/ 398 | 001/ 0 | 821/ 0 |
| group*time | 811/ 3249 | 2 | 906/ 1624 | 244/ 192 | 001/ 0 | 815/ 0 | |
| error | 350/ 735 | 87 | 452/ 8 | ||||
| Life orientation | fixed | 356/ 128 | 1 | 356/ 128 | 712/ 570 | 001/ 0 | 868/ 0 |
| group*time | 078/ 137 | 2 | 539/ 68 | 747/ 304 | 001/ 0 | 875/ 0 | |
| error | 567/ 19 | 87 | 225/ 0 |
Table 3: The results of the LSD post hoc test to investigate the difference in the effectiveness of the treatment based on acceptance and commitment and the treatment based on forgiveness on the research variables.
| Variables | group | Mean difference | standard error | probability value (p) |
| Marital heartbreak | Acceptance and commitment therapy group | 15/ 4 | 80/ 1 | 024/ 0 |
| Forgiveness-based therapy group | 75/ 8 | 80/ 1 | 001/ 0 | |
| control group | 60/ 4 | 80/ 1 | 013/ 0 | |
| Life orientation | Acceptance and commitment therapy group | 08/ 1 | 508/ 0 | 036/ 0 |
| Forgiveness-based therapy group | 73/ 2 | 508/ 0 | 001/ 0 | |
| control group | 65/ 1 | 508/ 0 | 002/ 0 |
Discussion
The current research has sought to investigate the effectiveness of the forgiveness-based approach and the act-based approach on marital disappointment and life adjustment in women affected by infidelity. It can be seen that both therapeutic approaches used have been effective on the considered variables, which shows the confirmation of the research hypotheses that considering the effectiveness of forgiveness treatment; therefore, it can be said that forgiveness is the process of understanding the concept of action and voluntary relinquishment of the right. Anger and disgust can be regarded as very good featues for the offended person to have warm and loving behavior with the oppressed person. Therefore, those who score higher in forgiveness are likely to use dysfunctional beliefs about their spouse as well as commitment through improved emotional avoidance, improved reactions, and identification of values, the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital conflict. Besides, commitment to behavioral changes has been able to help women improve their marital relationships. It should also be noted that according to the obtained results, the effectiveness of the ACT approach was higher.
Ethical Considerations
All authors participated in the research. Also, all participants participated in the research with their consent and the authors assured them that the results of the research will be confidential.
Type of Study: method |
Received: 2023/06/8 | Accepted: 2023/11/11 | Published: 2024/05/3
Received: 2023/06/8 | Accepted: 2023/11/11 | Published: 2024/05/3
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