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Guven M, Rozita Fakhimi Farhadi R. (2024). Comparative of Marital Adjustment Between Iranian and Turkish Couples. refahj. 24(94), : 6 doi:10.32598/refahj.24.94.4221.1
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-4129-en.html
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-4129-en.html
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Introduction
Cultural psychology believes that the content of a culture has a lasting effect on behavior, feelings and thoughts, and culture is a variable that is not experienced the same by all those who belong to that culture. Today, cultural psychologists are interested in cross-cultural comparisons, and cross-cultural psychology deals with the comparative study of cultures and examines the similarities and differences in the personality and psychological characteristics of people in different ethnic groups. Marriage is a sacred contract through which a family is formed, and it has existed almost since the beginning of human life in all times and places among tribes, nations and societies, and it has been emphasized by most religions. It is considered as a desirable human bond that gives meaning to people’s lives. Marriage in today’s changing society is a complex phenomenon. People get married for different reasons. In addition to sexual desires, which are among the primary issues, love, economic security, protection, emotional security, a sense of peace and escape from loneliness are also some of the factors that cause the tendency to marry. In fact, a successful marriage and the start of a marital relationship can satisfy many psychological and physical needs in a safe environment and have a significant impact on people’s mental health. Marriage has been described as the most important and fundamental interpersonal relationship due to the role it plays in establishing a family relationship and educating the next generation, and in satisfactory and successful marriages, couples send clear messages to each other. They trust each other and accept each other’s differences easily, which makes them creative to develop and plan their own identity. Such spouses are free to enjoy each other and other people and things, and while they are interested and dependent on each other, they use their individual independence to enrich their lives together. In another study, with problem-solving training, people were able to better solve their problems, categorize goals, and better use support systems in society (Chen et al., 2020). According to the discussed issues, the present study seeks to answer the question of whether marital compatibility is different in Iranian and Turkish couples.
Method
The current research is an experimental type that was conducted using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group with random assignment. The statistical population of this research included all Iranian and Turkish couples, 300 Iranian couples were randomly selected and compared with 300 Turkish couples. This 15-question questionnaire is one of the initial short scales for marital adjustment, designed by Harvey J. Locke and Carl Wallace (1959). A score of 100 in this questionnaire is considered a cut-off point and indicates incompatibility in marital relations. The questions of this questionnaire are multiple choice and the numerical value of these questions is different. To analyze the research data, descriptive statistics indices and methods including percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics including multivariate variance analysis were used and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software.
Findings
As can be seen, the significance levels of all tests allow the use of variance analysis (MANOVA). These results show that there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of dependent variables (P<0.001). Thus, the F score was reported for the Pillai effect (11/60), Wilks’s lambda (13/19), the Hotelling effect (17/81) and the largest root of zinc (21/47). As can be seen in the table above, there is a significant difference between the two groups of Iranian and Turkish couples, so Iranian couples have significantly more marital compatibility.
Discussion
The results of the present study showed that Iranian couples should be significantly more compatible in marriage. Researches show how culture affects people’s personality and views. Also, even within a particular country, culture may have quite different effects on people’s self-views and self-definitions. Some studies consider the difference in people’s attitude towards themselves in different cultures to be caused by the individualism or collectivism of societies. For example, it shows that people in individualistic cultures are more strongly attuned to positive feelings about their sufficiency and less humble than people in collectivistic cultures. It is possible that he projects himself on others and remembers personal situations from a different point of view than others.
It is also possible to pay attention to the change in the attitude of Iranian people during the past few decades. Social psychology researches in the past few years have shown that compared to the years of the revolution or imposed war, Iranians have obtained higher scores in independence, focus on themselves and their lives, and lower scores in attention to the surroundings and others. Also, according to social psychology researches, compared to the past, Iranian people emphasize their rights more than their duties.
They love first degree relatives more than those who are more distant from them. Compared to the past, Iranians have proven themselves on personal autonomy and base their identity and personal success. Psychologists interpret the change in the attitude of Iranians during the last two decades as the withdrawal from public crises such as war. The trauma and pandemic nature of war drives people unconsciously to the left, participation, collectivism, and self-centeredness. When they are still engaged in internal conflicts, they turn to a kind of friendship and focus on others to gain social support. They reported mostly social because in Iranian culture empathy and altruism are emphasized. In order to get rid of the feeling of loneliness and insecurity caused by war, people get together and find empathetic people, and their selfishness is reduced. It also has more social characteristics that are related to concepts such as sympathy, understanding, cooperation, sharing, loving others, empathy, or concepts such as altruism, benevolence, sacrifice, altruism, and sadness that are interested in others. They refer to themselves and are opposed to concepts such as selfishness, self-righteousness, and atmospheric superiority. The culture of the two societies in terms of individualism and collectivism can be one of the reasons for the difference between the two societies.
Ethical Considerations
Authors’ contributions
All authors contributed in producing of the research.
Funding
In the present study, all expenses were borne by the authors, and they did not have any sponsors.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
In this article, all rights relating to references are cited and resources are carefully listed
Cultural psychology believes that the content of a culture has a lasting effect on behavior, feelings and thoughts, and culture is a variable that is not experienced the same by all those who belong to that culture. Today, cultural psychologists are interested in cross-cultural comparisons, and cross-cultural psychology deals with the comparative study of cultures and examines the similarities and differences in the personality and psychological characteristics of people in different ethnic groups. Marriage is a sacred contract through which a family is formed, and it has existed almost since the beginning of human life in all times and places among tribes, nations and societies, and it has been emphasized by most religions. It is considered as a desirable human bond that gives meaning to people’s lives. Marriage in today’s changing society is a complex phenomenon. People get married for different reasons. In addition to sexual desires, which are among the primary issues, love, economic security, protection, emotional security, a sense of peace and escape from loneliness are also some of the factors that cause the tendency to marry. In fact, a successful marriage and the start of a marital relationship can satisfy many psychological and physical needs in a safe environment and have a significant impact on people’s mental health. Marriage has been described as the most important and fundamental interpersonal relationship due to the role it plays in establishing a family relationship and educating the next generation, and in satisfactory and successful marriages, couples send clear messages to each other. They trust each other and accept each other’s differences easily, which makes them creative to develop and plan their own identity. Such spouses are free to enjoy each other and other people and things, and while they are interested and dependent on each other, they use their individual independence to enrich their lives together. In another study, with problem-solving training, people were able to better solve their problems, categorize goals, and better use support systems in society (Chen et al., 2020). According to the discussed issues, the present study seeks to answer the question of whether marital compatibility is different in Iranian and Turkish couples.
Method
The current research is an experimental type that was conducted using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group with random assignment. The statistical population of this research included all Iranian and Turkish couples, 300 Iranian couples were randomly selected and compared with 300 Turkish couples. This 15-question questionnaire is one of the initial short scales for marital adjustment, designed by Harvey J. Locke and Carl Wallace (1959). A score of 100 in this questionnaire is considered a cut-off point and indicates incompatibility in marital relations. The questions of this questionnaire are multiple choice and the numerical value of these questions is different. To analyze the research data, descriptive statistics indices and methods including percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics including multivariate variance analysis were used and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software.
Findings
As can be seen, the significance levels of all tests allow the use of variance analysis (MANOVA). These results show that there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of dependent variables (P<0.001). Thus, the F score was reported for the Pillai effect (11/60), Wilks’s lambda (13/19), the Hotelling effect (17/81) and the largest root of zinc (21/47). As can be seen in the table above, there is a significant difference between the two groups of Iranian and Turkish couples, so Iranian couples have significantly more marital compatibility.
Discussion
The results of the present study showed that Iranian couples should be significantly more compatible in marriage. Researches show how culture affects people’s personality and views. Also, even within a particular country, culture may have quite different effects on people’s self-views and self-definitions. Some studies consider the difference in people’s attitude towards themselves in different cultures to be caused by the individualism or collectivism of societies. For example, it shows that people in individualistic cultures are more strongly attuned to positive feelings about their sufficiency and less humble than people in collectivistic cultures. It is possible that he projects himself on others and remembers personal situations from a different point of view than others.
It is also possible to pay attention to the change in the attitude of Iranian people during the past few decades. Social psychology researches in the past few years have shown that compared to the years of the revolution or imposed war, Iranians have obtained higher scores in independence, focus on themselves and their lives, and lower scores in attention to the surroundings and others. Also, according to social psychology researches, compared to the past, Iranian people emphasize their rights more than their duties.
They love first degree relatives more than those who are more distant from them. Compared to the past, Iranians have proven themselves on personal autonomy and base their identity and personal success. Psychologists interpret the change in the attitude of Iranians during the last two decades as the withdrawal from public crises such as war. The trauma and pandemic nature of war drives people unconsciously to the left, participation, collectivism, and self-centeredness. When they are still engaged in internal conflicts, they turn to a kind of friendship and focus on others to gain social support. They reported mostly social because in Iranian culture empathy and altruism are emphasized. In order to get rid of the feeling of loneliness and insecurity caused by war, people get together and find empathetic people, and their selfishness is reduced. It also has more social characteristics that are related to concepts such as sympathy, understanding, cooperation, sharing, loving others, empathy, or concepts such as altruism, benevolence, sacrifice, altruism, and sadness that are interested in others. They refer to themselves and are opposed to concepts such as selfishness, self-righteousness, and atmospheric superiority. The culture of the two societies in terms of individualism and collectivism can be one of the reasons for the difference between the two societies.
Ethical Considerations
Authors’ contributions
All authors contributed in producing of the research.
Funding
In the present study, all expenses were borne by the authors, and they did not have any sponsors.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
In this article, all rights relating to references are cited and resources are carefully listed
Type of Study: orginal |
Received: 2022/10/5 | Accepted: 2024/07/22 | Published: 2024/10/5
Received: 2022/10/5 | Accepted: 2024/07/22 | Published: 2024/10/5
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