Volume 22, Issue 85 (8-2022)
refahj 2022, 22(85): 159-179 |
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Research code: A-10-3855-1
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Eslami S, Kabini Moghadam S, Nasser F. (2022). High Risk Social Behaviors in Adolescent Students of Guilan. refahj. 22(85), 159-179.
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3857-en.html
URL: http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-3857-en.html
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Introduction: The prevalence of high-risk behaviors is one of the most serious health threats that in recent years due to rapid social change, by health organizations, law enforcement and social policymakers can be regaeded as one of the most important problems in society. For example, by 2030, tobacco-related illnesses and deaths alone are projected to reach 10 million a year. If the physical, psychological, social consequences of other high-risk behaviors such as drug use, violence, high-risk sexual behavior and relationship with the opposite sex are also taken into account, the damage is multiplied. Since the risk of adolescents is higher than other age groups, there is a greater tendency to this type of behavior among them. global studies have shown that most high-risk behaviors begin before the age of 18 and include smoking and consumption of alcohol and drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of high-risk social behaviors among adolescent students in Guilan province.
Methods: This research was conducted by contextualization method. The statistical population of the study included 182,637 high school students in Guilan province in 2020, of which 384 were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling. Zadeh Mohammadi and Ahmadabadi’s (2008) risk scale was used to collect the required data. The specifications of the questionnaire used are as follows: Iranian adolescents vulnerability scale,this scale was developed by Zadeh Mohammadi and Ahmadabadi (2008) and has 38 items that include adolescent vulnerability in 7 categories of high-risk behaviors, which measures dangerous driving, violence, smoking, drug use, alcohol use, relationship with the opposite sex, and sexual relationship and risky behavior with the opposite sex. A 5-point Likert scale was used to get the frequency of the responses including very little (1), little (2), to some extent (3), much (4), and very much (5). The reliability of this tool has been measured by Cronbach’s alpha method, and it was found to be 79%. In the present study, before implementing the mentioned tool, the reliability was measured by Cronbach’s alpha method in a pilot study with the participation of 30 students and the relevant coefficient was calculated as 73 percent. To analyze the data at the descriptive level, frequency statistical methods, graphs and at the inferential level, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and U man-whitney tests were used. All statistical operations were analyzed by SPSS16 software. Significance level was considered 0.05 for all tests.
Findings: In this sample population, the lowest frequency of subjects with 162 (43.90%) were boys and the highest frequency of subjects with 207 (56.10%) were girls. The lowest frequency of subjects with 19 subjects (5.1%) was 12 years old and the highest frequency of subjects with 70 subjects (19%) was 17 years old. The lowest frequency of subjects with 53 students (14.36%) was in the eighth grade and the highest frequency of subjects was 69 students (18.7%) in the tenth grade. Also, the lowest frequency of subjects with 51 people (13.82%) in the field of experimental sciences and the highest frequency of subjects with 72 people (19.51%) are studying in technical and vocational technical fields. Frequency and percentage were used to describe the research questions. The results also showed that high-risk social behaviors, respectively; smoking (first place), aggressive behaviors (second place), drug use (third place), high-risk driving (fourth place), relationship with the opposite sex (sixth place), and sex with the opposite sex (seventh place) were assigned. On the other hand, the results showed that the prevalence of high-risk behaviors among adolescents did not differ significantly based on their age, gender, educational background, and field of study.
Discussion: Based on the findings of leading research, it can be concluded that the student community faces high-risk behaviors and to treat these problems, all the capacities of organizations and professionals, including psychologists and the community should be used. In this regard, the followings are suggested; 1) On occasions such as the day of transportation, the experts of the traffic department are invited to speak about high-risk driving. 2) Anger control training classes are conducted for students. 3) Instructors of experimental sciences and biology to explain the effects of alcohol and drug use to students. 4) Health educators and counselors to provide the necessary explanations for students based on the amount and power of students’ analysis of sexual issues and observance of health tips and its consequences. 5) Documented information should be provided to families in family education sessions regarding the prevalence and consequences of high-risk behaviors.
This study faced the following limitations: the degree of honesty of the subjects in answering the questions and the extent of their understanding of the meaning of the questions that may affect the results of the research. The possibility of differences in personal characteristics, psychological characteristics, cultural and social life differences of the samples was one of the limitations that the researcher could not control. Despite much effort, the effect of some factors such as the passage of time and gaining experience of the subjects can not be ignored in order to control the disturbing variables. The only source of data collection in this study was a questionnaire that has a self-report aspect; For this reason, there may be a bias in the information obtained. Due to the prevalence of coronary heart disease, data collection was done online. It is therefore suggested to hold drawing competitions on the side effects of smoking for students. Reminding students of the side effects and consequences of drug use by counselors and psychologists should be takeninto account. Instructors of experimental sciences and biology in the laboratory should explain the effects of alcohol consumption to students.
Ethical considerations: This study was carried out with the financial support of the General Department of Education of Guilan Province with the letter number 3700/135428/606 dated 2021/01/26. The authors of the article consider it necessary to thank the relevant authorities as well as all the esteemed subjects who participated in the implementation of this research. There is no conflict of interest between the authors of this article. All members of the research sample were present in the project with full consent, and each member had complete freedom and authority to leave the research at any stage. Also, the principle of anonymity was observed for all members of the sample.
Introduction: The prevalence of high-risk behaviors is one of the most serious health threats that in recent years due to rapid social change, by health organizations, law enforcement and social policymakers can be regaeded as one of the most important problems in society. For example, by 2030, tobacco-related illnesses and deaths alone are projected to reach 10 million a year. If the physical, psychological, social consequences of other high-risk behaviors such as drug use, violence, high-risk sexual behavior and relationship with the opposite sex are also taken into account, the damage is multiplied. Since the risk of adolescents is higher than other age groups, there is a greater tendency to this type of behavior among them. global studies have shown that most high-risk behaviors begin before the age of 18 and include smoking and consumption of alcohol and drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of high-risk social behaviors among adolescent students in Guilan province.
Methods: This research was conducted by contextualization method. The statistical population of the study included 182,637 high school students in Guilan province in 2020, of which 384 were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling. Zadeh Mohammadi and Ahmadabadi’s (2008) risk scale was used to collect the required data. The specifications of the questionnaire used are as follows: Iranian adolescents vulnerability scale,this scale was developed by Zadeh Mohammadi and Ahmadabadi (2008) and has 38 items that include adolescent vulnerability in 7 categories of high-risk behaviors, which measures dangerous driving, violence, smoking, drug use, alcohol use, relationship with the opposite sex, and sexual relationship and risky behavior with the opposite sex. A 5-point Likert scale was used to get the frequency of the responses including very little (1), little (2), to some extent (3), much (4), and very much (5). The reliability of this tool has been measured by Cronbach’s alpha method, and it was found to be 79%. In the present study, before implementing the mentioned tool, the reliability was measured by Cronbach’s alpha method in a pilot study with the participation of 30 students and the relevant coefficient was calculated as 73 percent. To analyze the data at the descriptive level, frequency statistical methods, graphs and at the inferential level, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and U man-whitney tests were used. All statistical operations were analyzed by SPSS16 software. Significance level was considered 0.05 for all tests.
Findings: In this sample population, the lowest frequency of subjects with 162 (43.90%) were boys and the highest frequency of subjects with 207 (56.10%) were girls. The lowest frequency of subjects with 19 subjects (5.1%) was 12 years old and the highest frequency of subjects with 70 subjects (19%) was 17 years old. The lowest frequency of subjects with 53 students (14.36%) was in the eighth grade and the highest frequency of subjects was 69 students (18.7%) in the tenth grade. Also, the lowest frequency of subjects with 51 people (13.82%) in the field of experimental sciences and the highest frequency of subjects with 72 people (19.51%) are studying in technical and vocational technical fields. Frequency and percentage were used to describe the research questions. The results also showed that high-risk social behaviors, respectively; smoking (first place), aggressive behaviors (second place), drug use (third place), high-risk driving (fourth place), relationship with the opposite sex (sixth place), and sex with the opposite sex (seventh place) were assigned. On the other hand, the results showed that the prevalence of high-risk behaviors among adolescents did not differ significantly based on their age, gender, educational background, and field of study.
Discussion: Based on the findings of leading research, it can be concluded that the student community faces high-risk behaviors and to treat these problems, all the capacities of organizations and professionals, including psychologists and the community should be used. In this regard, the followings are suggested; 1) On occasions such as the day of transportation, the experts of the traffic department are invited to speak about high-risk driving. 2) Anger control training classes are conducted for students. 3) Instructors of experimental sciences and biology to explain the effects of alcohol and drug use to students. 4) Health educators and counselors to provide the necessary explanations for students based on the amount and power of students’ analysis of sexual issues and observance of health tips and its consequences. 5) Documented information should be provided to families in family education sessions regarding the prevalence and consequences of high-risk behaviors.
This study faced the following limitations: the degree of honesty of the subjects in answering the questions and the extent of their understanding of the meaning of the questions that may affect the results of the research. The possibility of differences in personal characteristics, psychological characteristics, cultural and social life differences of the samples was one of the limitations that the researcher could not control. Despite much effort, the effect of some factors such as the passage of time and gaining experience of the subjects can not be ignored in order to control the disturbing variables. The only source of data collection in this study was a questionnaire that has a self-report aspect; For this reason, there may be a bias in the information obtained. Due to the prevalence of coronary heart disease, data collection was done online. It is therefore suggested to hold drawing competitions on the side effects of smoking for students. Reminding students of the side effects and consequences of drug use by counselors and psychologists should be takeninto account. Instructors of experimental sciences and biology in the laboratory should explain the effects of alcohol consumption to students.
Ethical considerations: This study was carried out with the financial support of the General Department of Education of Guilan Province with the letter number 3700/135428/606 dated 2021/01/26. The authors of the article consider it necessary to thank the relevant authorities as well as all the esteemed subjects who participated in the implementation of this research. There is no conflict of interest between the authors of this article. All members of the research sample were present in the project with full consent, and each member had complete freedom and authority to leave the research at any stage. Also, the principle of anonymity was observed for all members of the sample.
Type of Study: orginal |
Received: 2021/02/26 | Accepted: 2022/06/7 | Published: 2022/08/8
Received: 2021/02/26 | Accepted: 2022/06/7 | Published: 2022/08/8
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