Extended Abstract
Introduction: Non-governmental organizations (NGO) are considered an inseparable part of today’s social life and an important basis of social capital. An NGO is a non-profit, citizen-based group that functions independently of government. NGOs, sometimes called civil societies, are organized at community, national, and international levels to serve specific social or political purposes, and they are cooperative rather than commercial in nature. While the term “NGO” has various interpretations, it is generally accepted to include private organizations that operate without government control and that are non-profit and non-criminal. Other definitions further clarify NGOs as associations that are non-religious and non-military. Some NGOs rely primarily on volunteers, while others support paid staff. Supporting NGOs as one of the most important kinds of NGOs tries to improve vulnerable groups situation. The major aim of the current study is to answer the following research questions: “what are the main social problems constructed by NGOs and with which technics do they construct the social problems?”.
Method: The main research method used in the study is grounded theory. Grounded theory is an inductive methodology. It is a general method and systematic generation of theory from systematic research.  It includes a set of rigorous research procedures leading to the emergence of conceptual categories. In these qualitative method technics for data gathering observation and semi-structured profound interview were used; 23 interviews included NGOs members and observation of comprised 34 social problems-oriented NGOs in Tehran province.
Findings: According to research findings, “child labor”, “exploitation and abuse of children”, “marginalization”, “deprivation of children from education”, “addiction”, and “violence against children” are the most important social problems in NGOs. Also “street children”, “children living in impoverished areas”, “children deprived of education” and “unprotected children” are the main vulnerable groups on which NGOs focused on and sought to solve their problems.
The findings of the study showed that NGOs have some strategies such as “priority of critical, new, and micro dimensions of problems”, “collective and collaborative cooperation”, “multi-modal cost financing”, “identification between audience and the vulnerable”, “self-help and local participation”, “linking problems to personal and everyday life”, “procedural empowerment”, and “matching aids” for social problems construction.
Based on the analytical findings main pillars named “construction and familiarization of social problem”, have presented with separate grounded models. This grounded models were formed by a combination of several main categories and final categories were extracted around central phenomena (social problems construction). According to this model, some causal conditions are: “neglect of social harms”, “isolation of the vulnerable” and “harmful substrate”. There are also some contextual conditions in which phenomenon strategies were expanded; for example, “The proximity of dilemmas to personal life” and “experience of conflict in social harm”. But some intervening conditions affecting strategies include “emotional proximity to vulnerable populations”, “religious beliefs” and “universal and ethical beliefs”.
Meanwhile NGOs have some Interaction strategies, such as “continuity of damage”, “continuity of benefit”, “momenta approach”, “tangible damage”, “replacement of action “,”completion of action”, “ratio of action to ethics”, “ratio of action to rituals”, “ratio of action to individuals”, “linguistic clam making”, “dramatic clam making”, “behavioral clam making”,”priority of critical dimensions of problems”, “priority of new dimensions of problems”, and “priority of micro dimensions of problems”.
This Process has several consequences and some results of using strategies such as “convincing of audience”, “linking problems to personal and everyday life”, “reintegrating the vulnerable groups”, “audience identification with issues”, “wave attention to the issue”, and “famous people’s attention to the issue”. Optimized models named “creating institutional popular networks” (strong, targeted, and long-term network between NGOs) and “local spontaneous networks” (attention to problems in neighborhood level with people’s participation) were also suggested.
Discussion: Providing support for NGOs tries to transfer the voice of vulnerable groups to society and have proper identifying and prioritizing social needs to move them to policy level. NGOs can have the role of public prosecutors in addressing social problems as general and tangible issues.
NGOs also use various ways to build social issues that make them important. According to the constructivist approach, as the main theoretical basis for the research, the social problem is not a structural problem that is almost unsolved or requires substantial and costly transformations. It is also a problem that can be solved in the general conviction and for which effective action is also in progress. In this view, social issues will be resolved with the intervention of individuals and groups of people. From this perspective, the problems that the NGOs are trying to eliminate or reduce are clearly considered a social issue. In fact, NGOs are the same groups that try to build a social issue.
In terms of constructivism, the objective existence of harmful conditions does not in itself create a social issue. Only because the disease takes the lives of people in the community, it does not necessarily mean that it has created a social issue among people; if the people of this community do not conceive this disease as a problem, according to the approach of the socialization of that disease to the people of society, this is not a social issue. In fact, in the eyes of the constructivists, the present condition does not need to have an external existence to become a social issue. Of course, NGOs focus on issues that exist in the community, but their importance and public attention to these issues depend to a large extent on how social issues are raised in the NGOs. Non-governmental organizations can have the role of public prosecutors in addressing social problems as general and tangible issues.
Ethical Considerations
Authors’ contributions: 
All authors contributed in designing, running, and writing all parts of the research.
Funding: 
In the present study, did not have any sponsors.
Conflicts of interest: 
This article does not conflict with other articles of authors.
Acknowledgments: 
In this article, all rights relating to references are cited and resources are carefully Listed.