Social Welfare
رفاه اجتماعی
refahj
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir
18
agent2
1735-8191
10.29252/refahj
fa
jalali
1389
1
1
gregorian
2010
4
1
10
36
online
1
fulltext
fa
رابطه سرمایه اجتماعی با توسعه اقتصادی
Democracy and Economic Growth: A Worldwide Quantitative Survey
رفاه اجتماعی
اصیل
orginal
<p> </p><p> <i><strong> طرح مسأله: </strong>از زمانی که بحث سرمایه اجتماعی و نقش آن در توسعه اقتصادی مطرح شده، تصور غالب، تأکید بر نقش مثبت سرمایه اجتماعی بوده است. در این نوشتار استدلال میشود که سرمایه اجتماعی انواع مختلفی دارد و ضمن اینکه تأثیر مثبتی بر روند توسعه دارد اما گاهی اوقات ممکن است برای توسعه مفید و مناسب نباشد. </i></p><p> <i><strong> روش: </strong>روش تحقیق در این نوشتار «کتابخانهای» است. تحقیقات مختلفی که در زمینه ارتباط میان سرمایه اجتماعی و توسعه اقتصادی وجود دارد، بررسی میشود و در نهایت براساس نتایج بهدستآمده، ارتباط یا عدم ارتباط این دو بیان میشود. </i></p><p> <i><strong> یافتهها: </strong>براساس یافتههای این پژوهش، از آنجا که سرمایه اجتماعی درونگروهی بر اعتماد محدود و خاص تأکید دارد، موجب اختلال سازمانی و فرقهگرایی میشود و نتیجه آن عدم توسعه است. در مقابل، سرمایه اجتماعی برونگروهی با گسترش شعاع اعتماد، شکلگیری شبکههای روابط اجتماعی و مشارکت افراد در انجمنهای داوطلبانه به فرایند توسعه اقتصادی کمک میکند. </i></p><p> Objectives: Since the social capital issue and its role in the economic development have been presented, the dominant idea is an emphasis on the positive role of social capital. In this writing, it is demonstrated that there are different types of social capital and although it has a positive role on development process, a kind of that can be no suitable for development. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the concept of social capital and to distinguish its different forms, focusing on their potential effects on economic development. </p><p> Method: Research method in this writing is "library method" .Different researches are considered about the relation between social capital and economic development and at the end, it is concluded about the existence or non- existence of a relation. </p><p> Findings: In this research we have concluded that since bonding social capital influences on a limited and special confidence, it causes some organizational disorder or factious .So its result is an undeveloped society. </p><p> On the contrary, bridging social capital with expanding of confidence interval, creating social relations and people participation in voluntary associations helps economical development. </p><p> </p><p> <strong>طرح مسأله: </strong>از مهمترین مسائلی که امروزه دغدغه بسیاری کشورهاست، رشد اقتصادی و تلاش برای دموکراتیک شدن است. از اینرو هدف این مقاله، بررسی ارتباط مردمسالاری و رشد اقتصادی است. </p><p> <strong>روش: </strong>با استفاده از آمارهای 62 کشور، طی دوره 1980 تا 2000 و با استفاده از مدل دادههای ترکیبی تأثیر مردمسالاری بر رشد اقتصادی بررسی شده است. بدین منظور جهت انجام تحلیلهای آماری و اقتصاد سنجی از نرم افزارهای Stata8 و Eviews5 استفاده شده است. </p><p> <strong>یافتهها: </strong>نتایج تخمینهای اقتصادسنجی تأثیر مثبت و مهم مردمسالاری بر رشد اقتصادی را نشان میدهد. همچنین رشد اقتصادی به طور منفی با تورم، جمعیت شهری، مخارج مصرفی دولت و به طور مثبت با سرمایههای انسانی، سرمایهگذاری، رشد جمعیت، نیروی کار زنان و جمعیت فعال ارتباط دارد. </p><p> نتایج: بهبود نهادهای دموکراتیک (کیفیت نهادی) برای رشد اقتصادی سودمند است. همچنین برای رسیدن به رشد بیشتر در جامعه باید سیاستهایی را اجرا کرد که موجب افزایش سطح تحصیلات، ایجاد نهادهای دموکراتیک، عدم دخالت دولت در اقتصاد، افزایش سرمایهگذاری و مشارکت افراد به خصوص زنان، در امور اقتصادی گردند. </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
<p> Objectives: Since the social capital issue and its role in the economic development have been presented, the dominant idea is an emphasis on the positive role of social capital. In this writing, it is demonstrated that there are different types of social capital and although it has a positive role on development process, a kind of that can be no suitable for development. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the concept of social capital and to distinguish its different forms, focusing on their potential effects on economic development. </p><p> Method: Research method in this writing is "library method" .Different researches are considered about the relation between social capital and economic development and at the end, it is concluded about the existence or non- existence of a relation. </p><p> Findings: In this research we have concluded that since bonding social capital influences on a limited and special confidence, it causes some organizational disorder or factious .So its result is an undeveloped society. </p><p> On the contrary, bridging social capital with expanding of confidence interval, creating social relations and people participation in voluntary associations helps economical development. </p><p> <strong></strong></p><p> <strong>Research Problem: </strong>Economic growth and development is a complicated process that falls into the domain of many disciplines in social sciences andhumanities. Therefore to study these fundamental aspects of economic growthsynthesizing in these fields is necessary. In this research using endogenousgrowth models and political literature, we present a model for political economyof growth. The main question that this study is going to answer is the relation </p><p> between democracy and economic growth. There are some well knowndocuments that have studied the relationship between democracy and economicgrowth in the literature in this area. Because of ambiguous results of them, it isneeded to test the relationship by using new data and methods. </p><p> <strong>Method: </strong>to test the relation between democracy and economic growth, using panel data of 62 countries in the period 1980-2000 in this paper we study theeffects of democracy on economic growth through fixed effects model. Tomeasure democracy index, we use a mixed variable which includes political andfreedom rights. Per capita GDP growth is used to measure economic growth rate.Stata8 and Eviews5 software are used to get econometrics results. </p><p> <strong>Concluding remarks: </strong>Despite of a lot of studies that focus on the negative effects or inefficiency of democracy, we find the positive and significant effectsof democracy on economic growth.We also come to this conclusion that economic growth negatively is related tothe inflation, interest groups, and government consumption on the other hand itis positively related to the human capital, investment, population growth, femalelabor force, and active population. </p><p> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>according to results, we conclude that any improvement in the democratic institutions is required to have significant economic growth. Also, tocatch higher economic growth, education enhancing, democratic institutions,reduction in government intervention in economy, investment and increasing in female labor force participation can be helpful. </p><p> JEL-code: O40 O57 O41 Q20 Q30 </p>
توسعه اقتصادی، سرمایه اجتماعی، سرمایه اجتماعی برونگروهی،سرمایه درون گروهی
Bonding Social Capital, Bridging Social Capital, EconomicDevelopment, Social Capital
27
60
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-817-22&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
V.
Ghasemi
وحید
قاسمی
180031947532846002397
180031947532846002397
Yes
M.
Adibi Sede
مهدی
ادیبی سده
180031947532846002398
180031947532846002398
No
K.
Azarbaiejani
کریم
آذربایجانی
180031947532846002399
180031947532846002399
No
KH.
Tavakoli
خالد
توکلی
180031947532846002400
180031947532846002400
No