18 1735-8191 دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی 1876 Social Policy and Social Security (An Approach to Social Security System Conformity with Market Economy) panahi bahram 1 4 2004 3 12 13 40 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 Expansion and development of social security and overcoming sickness, aging, unemployment, poverty risks and so on have always been a strategic goal and also a long – term strategy for all communities and governments in the world. This aim is a powerful instrument for making security, stability and social equity. For reaching to this purpose First should be setting the quantitative and qualitative objectives and compare those with macro structure of economical, social, cultural and political systems of each country. Even though in Iran has been made many efforts for social security system development in the last fifty years and this development also protect great number of urban workers, but this trend has not been compatible with basics of social security systems like comprehensiveness, sufficiency and universality for Iran;#39s new society. For above reasons and with attention to deep economical and social changes, especially movements from centralized economical to decentralized economical structure (Market Economy), should be review conformity between social security systems with market economy factors. Of course breach of market economy regulations will give cause for imbalance between social security fund;#39s incomes and outcomes and reduces social security services level in long term which is against basic human needs. This article has been studied relations between social security system (social insurance and social protection) and economical structure for scientific analysis of social security role in Iran;#39s economy
1877 Social Policy and Poverty (From Structural Adjustment Program to Functions Reducing Poverty) 1 4 2004 3 12 41 72 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 Since 1970, there has been a continouse struggle between those who believe in an increase and those who think of a decrease in poverty in almost every scientific organization and institutes. Each of these thesis has different attitude toward social policy and its role in socio-economic programs. This article is abstracted from united Nations Centre for human Settlements (HABITAT) which was issued in International Conference about urban Poverty in Monaco and tries to bring up new social policies about urban poverty and decline many unfavorable results derived from adjustment programs 1878 Iran Social Indicators Trend: Some Ignored Aspects sofi majidpour masoud 1 4 2004 3 12 73 92 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 Iran human development report, issued by Programming and Management Organization, Provides a hopeful perspective of human resource and other social indicators. But it seems that according to new definitions and applications, it doesn;#39t sound more. A good evaluation of human potential resources and social characters of the society is partly depended on the definition of the society, social living goals and the functions of the society and its indicators. In the article an attempt has been made to assess the human and social indicators which the writer calls them as important as other Iranian social indicators. It should be said that the main goal of this article is an invitation to broaden social indicators and other efforts done in order to set up mixed indicators. 1879 The obstacles of Women's Political Co-Operation in Iran after Revolution mohamadi asl abbas 1 4 2004 3 12 93 130 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 Political sociology is generally concerned with social gaps, social levels resulted from them and political consequences and effects which are derived by them. The main purpose of this study is focused on the last item (Political consequences and effects resulted from social levels), because political sociology is mainly related to it. Sociology is based on this fact to show how powerful and active a society will be according to activating this gap. One of these gaps is regarded as gender discrimination between men and women which has devided the society into two different group: men and women. We can propose three different types of this discrimination according to the society: 1-In traditional societies where women are ruled over by men and don;#39t practice any political activities, this gap is not so active. 2- In modern societies, different evolutions have raised the level of expectancy and rights to take port in different social and political activities. 3- In developing societies, this gap exposes different aspects under different socio-political situation and political parties try to take the best advantage of it, and most social researchers are concerned with this one. Iran political society, regarding these facts, seem to be a developing society with a practicing gender discrimination. The traditional political attitude with a tendency toward man dominating reacts as a barrier and make the women to obey their husband;#39s orders, whether in social or political affairs. This function, in broad aspect, has caused some other problems such as hidden decision making, secured men dominating disciplines, and some other social relationship that kept the gap inactive. But the presidential election in 1376 showed how the political groups and parties could drew the best benefit of this gap. 1880 Women's Participation and Employment in Iran: A Critical Examination alaedini pooya razavi mohamadreza 1 4 2004 3 12 131 156 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 This paper discusses female labor force participation and employment in Iran. It shows that despite women;#39s educational and social achievements over the last thirty years, their position in the labor force has not improved. Their rate of participation remains low, their unemployment rate has been on the rise in recent years, and their occupational choices are limited. Further, educated women have not faired well in the labor market. The war and revolutionary atmosphere in the 1980s resulted in a severe decline of women;#39s participation and employment figures. Public policy was partly responsible for the decline but there were also cultural issues that tended to exacerbate the situation. The Paper examines the gender characteristics of recent developments in Iran;#39s labor market. It analyses data from the most recent years, and reviews institutional and structural issues pertinent to women and work. The paper also provides a number of recommendations for future initiatives. 1881 Employment Effects on Women Health ahmadnia shirin 1 4 2004 3 12 157 180 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 Since 1370, there have been a lot of studies about inequality in health and disease indicators between men and women either in national or international levels in the west (Hunt and Annendd, 1999) But we could almost see a vivid gap in research in developing and third-world countries due mainly to this fact that most of the studies were done in western countries, and the difference in culture among the countries made it a must for other countries. (clott, et.al,2000). In countries such as Iran, located in middle east, studies about women health and related factors are still in elementary levels. This article referring to a research (Ahmad Nia 2000), has tried to show some of the gaps and problems available in studying the health and disease conditions of mothers who are employed in some organizations and those who are housewife. 1882 Women: The Multiplied Poverty kamali afsane 1 4 2004 3 12 181 202 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 Although there has been a great number of studies a bout poverty in human societies, particularly from economical and social aspects, but it is not easy to recognize the poor people and categorize them. One of the most important characteristics of such studies is the gender and its deep influence on poverty. This article has investigated the poverty and different aspects of this phenomenon according to different variables such as gender, family structure, employment, education and housing state, the income and expenses and so on. Despite the lack of accurate studying and the limitation in this held but it indicates that there is a tendency to "women poverty" especially in families that a woman is in charge. This concept, however, can express the poverty of women thoroughly. 1883 A Review on the Prevalence and the Patterns of Drug Abuse in Women in Iran 1 4 2004 3 12 203 226 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 The extent and nature of drug abuse in women in our country have not been fully understood this results in neglect of the needs of women in all types of plannings on drug abuse prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and harm reduction. The objective of this study is to collect and analyze the information available on the prevalence and the patterns of drug abuse in women in Iran using internal and external scientific literature. This review shows that in the recent years information production and publication have been improved significantly. It can be roughly estimated that there are about 100,000 to 150,000 opioid dependent women in Iran. The feature for heroin abuse is worrying and the number of female injecting drug users is estimated to be 4,000 to 9,000. It seems that cannabis use is not common among Iranian women, although it is more prevalent in groups of women. Cannabis use and alcohol use do not seem to be rare in the female university students. A continuous source of gender-specific accurate data is needed to sensitize the responsible people for drug abuse prevention and treatment to include female-specific interventions in the overall programmes of the country 1884 Factors Influencing Women Harassment:The Case Study of Tehran Family hemmati reza 1 4 2004 3 12 227 256 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 In this article, an attempt has been made to find out the psychological, economical and social factors contributed in family violence in Tehran families which allowing the lost decades has been a critical social problem. After finding and defining the main factors some solutions have been represented. The information was collected through providing two different separated questionnaires for men and women and some other statistical methods such as multiple variables and analysing the trend. The information was collected through providing two different separated questionnaires for men and women and some other statistical methods such as multiple variables and analyzing the trend. The findings state that four independent variables (social satisfaction, negative recognition, self-confidence and social-economical bases) have a direct relationship with harshness (mentally and physically) and other variables (the belief to men dominating, a tendency to accepting the harshness, the attitude toward women social rules and social acceptance of harshness) have an indirect relationship to the harshness. 1885 Some Characters of Victims of Women Harassment who Refered to Tehran Forensic Medicine. eftekhar hasan kakouei hossein setare forouzan Amene baradaran eftekhari monir 1 4 2004 3 12 257 270 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 Women harassment is regarded as a historical and global phenomenon by WHO that should be mentioned as a priority to other health problems since it has left a lot of physical and mental effects on the victims. This research is done to recognize the women who are offended and the men who commit this crime. We have taken advantage of descriptive and cross-sectional method along with questionnaires and interviews. According to the findings, most of the people were in an age average of 20-39 and %85.8 of victims got married at the age of 24 years old %70 of victims had a high school diploma or less, %40.9 had a high education than their husbands, %28 were employees and %72 were housewives. Meanwhile, %44 had children and about 297 children witnessed the violence against theirmothers at home.% 65.8 of victims chose their husbands by their own and %83.6 got their husband out of the relative systems and only %5.5 of this group had come to the courts or other leyerlative sources. %36 of the victims come back home after making their complaints and %75 of them had children. The main physical harms were as follows: the bruise and in sever conditions abortion. It seems that lock of knowledge about women nights feeling shameful of going to courts, the high rate of expenses that should be paid are among the main reasons that women prefer to stay with their husbands and to devote the offense against themselves. It will be of great help to approve much stronger and more comprehensive laws to protect women against the offence and violence and assure them of different centers which can refer to at the time of danger. 1886 Evaluation of Divorce and it's Factors in Divorced Person Lived in Doulat Abad (Tehran) ghotbi marjan holakoei naeini kourosh jazayeri Abolghasem rahimi abbas 1 4 2004 3 12 271 286 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 According to Community Assessment of Doulat abad region the most important problems listed to: puberty critical conditions, criminal children, family and children training problems and increasing of divorce occurrence. So evaluation of divorce and it;#39s factors in divorced person lived in Doulat abad was selected to identify the most important prevention strategies and the most common complications of divorce presenting to consultants and social policy markers. In this survey interviewing with divorced people completed the questionnaire. The collected data analyzed by the survival method of Kaplan-Meier and log-rank statistical test. 45 woman and 24 men precipitated in this research. The age of 26 to 35 years old is the most common age group and the mean of marital life is 62 months (standard deviation = 68.2). The mean age of divorce in men is 29.83 and 24.62.6 in women. According to results of Kaplan-Meier analysis, the prevalence of divorce after 100 months of marital life is 99% in the involuntary marriage and 22% in voluntary marriage. The mean of marital life was related to the age group the mean age of divorce the number of children the type of couple presentation and the involuntary marriage. Women lived with parents and men lived alone after divorce. Moral difference (83%) addiction (42%) family interferences (33%) economic problems (30%) and psychiatry diseases (24%) were the most common causes of divorce. Between after divorce problems children training problems and lonely ness were more common in the upper age groups. Rate of children training problems was related to their numbers. Rate of problems was lower in family marriages. Community Assessment 1887 Assessment of Psychological Factors Related to Singleness of Female Veterans mohamad saeid rezaei mazaher jazayeri alireza 1 4 2004 3 12 287 300 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 The goal of this study was assessment of factors related to marriage motivation (MM) in female veterans. The results showed: there is a positive correlation between self esteem and MM and the women with a high motivation have high self esteem. There was a positive correlation between social skills, assertiveness and MM Too. But there was no relation between MM and social support. The negative body image and MM had a negative Correlation, it means that women with a high MM have low negative body image. There were no relation between age, education, social economic status percent of disability and MM. 1888 The Frequency of Personality Disorders in the Women Prisoners of Tehran and karadje 2003 Auolad Abdolhadi boshra foroghan mahshid dadkhah asghar delavar ali 1 4 2004 3 12 301 308 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 This is a descriptive Cross-sectional study with the purpose of determining the frequency and the most Common types of personality disorders in women prisoners in the two cities of Tehran and karaje. 200 subjects randomly selected and evaluated by two questionnaires. One for collecting demographic information and the other a clinical Multi axial questionnaires introduced by Millan. The collecting data analysed by the software, spss. The total frequency of personality disorders in the subjects was 60% and the self-defeating (Masochistic) (42.5%), avoidant (40.8%), passive-agressive (26.7%), antisocial (25%), and borderline (24.2%) were respectively the most frequent types of the disorders which were found. 1889 The Comorbidity of Symptoms of Depressions and Psychological Agitations with Suicide Among the Risky Area Girls mohamad khani parvane 1 4 2004 3 12 309 324 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 This research investigates the combination of depressions and psychological agitations. Which which are along with suicide commitment in some cities such as kermanshah, Hamedan and Iran. There fore, a total number of 2650 students of these cities, which recorded the highest rate of suicide, were chosen to be studied in two different types of statistical research-cluster and random. The cases were studied to fulfil some scales and related items such as suicidality subscale and suicidality screening items. The results indicated that those who practiced suiciding had a deeper symptoms of depression than those who just thought about it. Therefore, we could see a meaningful relationship between the psychological agitation and the rate of suicide practices. 1890 The Procedure of Changes in Ilam Provience Related to Suicide Practice jamshid zade farokh lagha rafiei hasan yasami mohamad taghi rahimi ali sina azam kamal 1 4 2004 3 12 325 348 25 08 2015 25 08 2015 After the war, the high rate of suicide raised a concern among the researches and health officials, this research is done to examine the procedure of changes happened in this regard which took about 8 years. We used the total number of those who practiced suiciding in 1373-1380, statistically recorded in Ilam. To recognize and form a quotation we followed the time curve that represented two increasing trends in these years. Significant findings were reported such as: 1- the rate of practicing of suiciding was always higher than the suiciding commitment. 2- Most of those who committed suiciding were women than men. 3- Number of villagers took part in suiciding was higher than city alwellers 4- singles showed a higher rate than married. 5- Even it was bigger among those who were jobless, homeless and uneducated. 6- The average age is 24.22 who think about suiciding and 26.67 of those who committed it, and 7- this problem happened mostly in ordibehesht, mordad and shahrivar, khordad and tir. 8- The most common way of suiciding was taking pills or poisons 9- most of the victims lived in small towns such as Abdanan and Dareh shahr and less were in Ilam, Dehloran. 10- The tendency of suiciding was more in Iran and Dareh shahr and less in Dehloran and Mehran.