دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
A Review of Rural Modernity Experience In Iran
7
37
FA
Karam
Habibpour Gatabi
Y
Reza
Safary Shali
N
Objectives: Nowadays, Due to Promotion of Media institutions the Range of
Modernity and experiencing it in social life has influenced not only Urban areas,
but also rural areas and contexts. Rural Areas and people, as like as Urban areas
and people, exprience the modern social life which is different from previous
Decades.
Method: the Method used in this research was survey Along with Descriptive
and Analytical approaches. The house hold headers Resident in rural areas of 10
towns of Markazi province consisting the Statistical population of this research
that among which 1261 persons have been selected as the sample size according
to cochran formula. Findings: Modernity experience in Markazi province, rural areas showed the in
complement rural welfare (Lag of economic and cultural welfare from social
welfare), high level of immigration, excessive dependence to Government, weak
performance of media including Seda and Sima and press, and weak
performance Goverment institutions including islamic rural councils and Rural
or Agricultural Co-operatives.
Conclusion: The non Comprehensive experience of Modernity in Markazi
province has resulted in incompletiveness of modernity project and finally, the
Phenomena Deviated modernity of in this rural areas as result to the social,
cultural and economic Backgrounds, (wished or unwished) We are facing with
the formation and continuity of various social problems in rural areas.
Development, Modernity, Rural Development.
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-702-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-702-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
Online Civic Participation and Development of Local Communities in Iran
39
67
FA
Hadi
Khaniki
Y
Pedram
Alvand
N
This paper reviews the citizen media and studies the fourth generation of
communication development theories emphasizes on participatory communication.
In this kind of theories the cibizen’s parbicipation and their activeness is the
center of case instead of the public Accessibility of media. Therefore providing
an opportunity for dialogue through media and providing dialogue Democracy in
the process of communication is considered as the basis of development in the
local communities. In order to achieve the goal of communication development,
the virtual networks prove to be a potential source and can depict the cooperation
of locals without any physical locations. The case study in the paper is Fesharaki
Family Network which is a successful example of a virtual Media with the motto
of "think locally and act globally". Which Showes the capability of this class of
Medias in the development.
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-703-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-703-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
Upgrading Welfare Status of the Informal Settlements in Iran
69
92
FA
P.
Alaedini
Y
M.
Mostafa Pourshad
N
A.
Jalali Mousavi
N
Objectives: This article evluated urban upgrading achievements and challenges
of the Urban Upgrading and Housing Reform Project conducted in Iran during
the period 2004-2009.
Method: The assessment is provided both at the project level and in the target
informal settlements of Bandar Abbas as a case study. Data and information
were collected through a desk review, a beneficiary assessment conducted in
Bandar Abbas, and a set of interviews held with project stakeholders at the
national level and in Bandar Abbas.
Findings & Conclusions: One of the most important achievements of the
project it is making positive attitude to the informal settlements in public level.
Alsoseries of interventions including streets improvements, water piping schools
construction, chanel reform, and construction of hygiene an medical centers have
resulted various benefits for local inhibitant. Yet the project faced with the
challenges and difficulties and have disappointed some of it’s appliances.
Bandar Abbas, enabling, informal settlements, Iran, Urban
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-704-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-704-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
Analyzing the Social Capital Status in Kerman City
93
122
FA
M.
Shiani
Y
M.T.
Mousavi
N
Objective: The conceptualization of Social Capital impressed by the studies of
thinkers and theorists in various districed of social sciences ether in the past or
modern era. Today this concept has standed as an important role in researches,
polices and planings. Therefore the study of Social Capital in Kerman City has
done.
Method: The method which is used in this research is Survey and questionnaire
is considered as a method of gathering data which were needed. The social
statistic includes the habitants above 15 years old in Kerman City which was
selected350 samples with the use of cocheran formula and multi stage clustral
sampling method.
Findings: The results show that the Social Capital in Kermanhas been stimated
in medium that has plurality in aspects and indexes. In some aspects can see the
traditional kind of Social Capital while in others the modern kind overcame.
Considering that Iran society experiencing the transmission from tradition to
modernisms, reinforcement of civil institutions, Enrichment of public educations,
preparing security, governmental decentralization, promoting trust, strengthen
beliefs and positive attitudes and are recommended to eliminating the challenge
between tradition and modernisms and promoting Social Capital.
Social Capital, Association relations, Norms and Social Trust, Integration and personal confidence, Solidarity and Social Integration Socia Support, Kerman.l
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-714-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-714-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
SWOT Analysis of Citizens’ Participation in Civic Affairs in Tehran
123
152
FA
Maysam
Musai
Y
Behzad
Razavi Alhashem
N
Objective: This article probesto answer that which are the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats of citizens’ participation in civic affairs in
Tehran? This is achieved through studying social, cultural, economic, politicalmanagerial,
legal, and spatial-physical aspects of the subject -- providing the
basis upon which planners can formulate strategies and models for citizens’
participation in short-, medium-, and long-term plans.
Method: Benefiting from a qualitative approach and relying on in-depth
interviews and open questions, information on social, cultural, economic,
political-managerial, legal, and spatial physical aspects of citizen’s participation
has gathered with the aim of providing a SWOT analysis. A statistic community
consist of 60 prefessors, urban planning and social science experts, and public
sector officials were selected from the several University of Tehran and Socio-
Cultural Bureau of Tehran Municipality have been selected and Studied with
aimed and accessable sampling.
Findings and Conclusion: The Results indicated that citizens’ participation in
Iran specially in Tehran faces with the number of structural, socio-cultural,
political-managerial, legal, and juridical impediments. Despite the current
impediments various strengths and oppor tunities for stabilishment and empower
of citizens’s participation in civic Affairs exist for there more weaknesses and
thresats of participation from the citizens and city management has affected the
partiction. yet the neccessity citizens practipation in the affairs is not be
recognized by the Urban managers and cibizens. The citizens participation is
mostly superfacial and symbolic.
participation, citizen, civic affairs, urban management, SWOT
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-715-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-715-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
Urban Social Relationship: A Research on its Quality and Causes in Sardasht City
153
190
FA
H.R.
Jalaeipour
Y
J.
Abdollahpour
N
Objectives: This paper studies the social relationship among inhabitants in
Sardasht as a Kurdish city in west-south of west Azarbayjan province. The
exploration of urban social relationship is located in the center of urban
sociology and anthropology theories.according the Sardasht city faced with
growth of urbanization, so it is necessary to explorate this subject.
Method: Three levels of social relationship: kinship, neighborhood and
friendship for discription and explatoion of social relationship with inspired from
ecological and compositional perspectives have been used and survey method to
conduct this research.
Fidings: The findings of this research indicate that the average of social
relationship in three levels is high and adapted to compositional approach
characteristics. Although diiferences is seen between Urbanized characteristics
and level of social relationship but this differences is only between age and
educational relationship which neigh borhood and also educations and kinship
relationship, about other variables is not significant relationship.
Results: Finnaly age and education are two variables that explain social
relationship changes in the kinship, neigh horhood and friendship between
sardasht in habitants.
Urbanization, Urban social relationship, Ecological Perspective, Compositional Perspective.
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-716-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-716-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
A Study of Social Capital\'s Effect on Entrepreneurship
191
222
FA
Ali
rabiee
Y
Hakimeh
sadeghzadeh
N
Objective: Entrepreneurship is a process which is taken place in a changeable
network of social relations, these relations can limit or facilitate the relationship
of entrepreneurship with resources and opportunities.yet most of researches has
been done are a types of personal attributes indicating type of enterpreneuer that
has criticized be cause of non attention to social relationship and social capital .
Studies and empirical witnesses have shown that in today’s Iranian society,
putting aside political, economic, and legal and management factors, for many
different reasons, entrepreneurs are not successful and this possibly is rooted in
different socio-cultural reasons among which ignorance of social relations and
connections can be named. Accordingly present research considers surveying
the social capital effect on entrepreneurship as one of the different forms of
capitals in world bank categorization as a factor of social growth and
development specially in developing societies.
Method: Surveying the degree of social capitals effect and its different aspects
over entrepreneurship, surveying the weakness and strong of under study society
from social capital and entrepreneurship point of view and providing suggestions
for increasing the social capital effect over entrepreneurship are among the most
important purposes of this study. The Hypotheses were tested through Freedman
and Regression tests.
Finding and conclusion: The research has shown a positive and meaningful
relation between social capital and its aspects and entrepreneurship. Moreover in
this study is shown that the social capitals quality aspect, in the under study it
society is more important and its correlation index is higher than other factors. In
entrepreneurship its risk indicator has the highest priority, too. In addition the
research results show that the relationship structure indicator has the highest
effect over the entrepreneurship and connection indicator has the lowest effect
and creativity and independence indicators (from entrepreneurship) are affected
by none of the social capitals indicators.
Entrepreneurship, Social capital, Structural and quality aspect of social capital
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-717-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-717-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
The Relationship between Social Capital and Risk Taking Behaviors in Undergraduate Students of Tehran’s Allamah Tabatabaii University
223
250
FA
H.S.
Bagheri Yazdi
Y
Objective: Now days,Social capital or social and spiritual dimensions of health
are under attention of social and behavioral scientists. Social capital persuades
individuals to collaborate and coordinate in societal interactions, to become able
to solve their problems and reduce risk taking behavior within the society. The
aim of this article is determining the relationship between social capital and its
dimensions’, and risk taking behaviors among undergraduate students of Tehran
Allamah Tabatabaei University, in 2010.
Method: This survey is a descriptive and correlational study, using Social
Capital Questionnaire (Onyx and Bullen, 2000), and Iranian Adolescents Risktaking
Scale (Mohamadizadeh and Ahmadabadi, 2008). The samples were
selected in random among undergraduate students of Allamah Tabatabaii
University in Tehran. Overall, 372 individuals completed the questionnaires,
while data’s analyzed by SPSS.
Finding: Findings showed negative and significant relations between social
capital, cognitive and communicational dimensions of social capital and risk
taking behaviors in samples, but there was no meaningful correlation between
constructional dimension of social capital and the risk taking behaviors. The
results also indicated that there were meaningful and negative relations between
drinking, smoking, drugs and sexual risk taking behaviors and social capital.
Mean scores of girls, married and employed individuals, were significantly
higher than other group in Social Capital Questionnaire, and Mean scores of
boys, unmarried and unemployed individuals, were significantly higher than
other group in Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale.
Conclusion: The results suggest that authorities should take actions to keep
youths being away from development of risk taking behaviors by improvement
of social and spiritual dimensions of health.
Risk taking behaviors, Social Capital, Tehran Allamah Tabatabaei University, Undergraduate Students
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-718-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-718-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
A Persian Version of the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ)
251
266
FA
M.
Nasseh
Y
M.
Ghazinour
N
M.T
Joghataei
N
M.
Nojomi
N
J.
Richter
N
Objectives: The availability of a reliable and valid measurement to assess social
support represents an important precondition to promote health research. The
Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) was simple to complete and developed by
Sarason, Levine, Basham, & Sarason (1983), so it had been decided to translate
it into Farsi to examine its psychometric properties.
Social support can be defined as perceived availability of people who care about
us the certainty that there are people whom we can rely on makes it easier for us
to feel good. Social support is composed of three types: instrumental,
informational, and emotional. There is lots of evidence indicating that perceived
social support is an important process that can reduce stress and foster positive
health outcomes, such as physical and psychological well-being. Emotional
support particularly was found of buffering effect of various stressful life events
consequently having a positive effect on physical and psychological health.
Method: A convenient sample of 270 individuals aged 18-65 years old recruited
from two private English language teaching institutions and from the Ministry of
Health and Education. The data were analyzed with: one-sample Kolmogorov-
Smirnov Z test, Mann Whitney U-tests, ANOVAs, ANCOVAs, Spearmen’s rho
correlation and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated.
Findings: Women showed a higher satisfaction with social support compared to
men whereas there was no gender-difference in the number of reported
supporting persons. There was no significant main effect for marital status
relating to the number of reported supporting individuals. Neither the number of
reported supporting persons nor the satisfaction with social support was
significantly associated with the age of the subjects.
Conclusion: The internal consistency in terms of Cronbach’s alpha for both
scales were high (number of supporting individuals .95 and satisfaction .96. The
Farsi version of the SSQ has satisfactory psychometric properties supporting
empirical evidence for its use in research and practice.
Social Support, Social Support Network, Social Support Satisfaction
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-719-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-719-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
A Survey of Factors Affected on Social Inequalities in Isfahan
267
306
FA
Rasoul
Rabbany
Y
Samad
Kalantary
N
Seyed Ali
Hashernianfar
N
Social inequality and countinues of class interval is one of the most important
problems of human beings. Class interval with injustice, countinues and
deepness of inequalities can cause an important and hard question in a society.
This study is seeking the effective causes of inequalities within societies. For to
explication of the subject form a new outlook, the social capital as an
independent variable is compaired with other independent variables, thesis is
control condition for survey and explication. The statistical target population of
the studies all the citizens above 15 years old in isfahan at the time of survey
with a sample of 696 citizens. The needed information has been achieved by
analyzing statistical questionnaire. analy the data, multiple regression, modeling
and equation structure has been used. The beta values resultes show that
variables of luxurity, age, education, rationality, advertisement, need satisfaction
are effective in explanative of social inequality. Mean of social inequality and
social capital is 2/7 and 2/9 .The results of this survey show that social
inequality reduces when social capital arises.
Eqality,Social capital,Social inequality,Social net work, Social participation,Social trust.
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-720-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-720-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
The Protection of Disable People in the International Law
307
442
FA
M.H.
Ramazani Ghavamabadi
Y
Objective: Disable people need special legal attention. In this regard, special
rules have been gradually developed by domestic and international law.
Convention for the Protection of the Disabled Disability (2006) in the
international community and the Iranian Act of comprehensive protection of the
disable people (1383) in a national community are examples of above mentioned
legal development. The article is to analysis the efficiency of Iranian Act by a
comparative study.
Method: The method of this research is descriptive and analytical. It is
descriptive when seek to explain the rules of international law which has been
codified in the 2006 Convention for the Protection of the Disabled and is
analytical where the international act with the tryies to compare national
regulations of protection of disable people.
Conclusion: In Comparison which 2006 Convention for the Protection of the
Disabled Disability, the Iranian Act of comprehensive protection of the disable
people (1383) is as an incomplete law. In this aspect, the Convention may be
considered an appropriate model of possible revision of the mention to Act.
Taking into account the preventive criminal policy and the protection of the
disable people by the procedural and substantial criminal law are among the
matters which should be considered be legislators.
Discrimination, Disability, Equality, International Law, Protection
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-721-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-721-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
Comparison of Social Development Between 3-6 Years Old Children Who Use Rural Child Care Center Services and Who Don`t
343
368
FA
Sareh
Abri
Y
Ali
Hajyousefi
N
Hossein
Hajbabayi
N
Mehdi
Rahgozar
N
Objectives:Nowaday this has been clarified that there is special time for social
development and in this time the root of social behaviors of chid should be
formed and after that he can appear in society and make appropriate social
interaction. Most of Researches Show that Environmental ` Social Conditions
emotional communications and nourishment condition have significant affect on
Children`sphysical` Social and psycological Development(shonkoff;Philips-
2000) .while the rural children has unbenefited from this environment because of
special condition of that.Informations from this study effect of training plans on
children social development specialy deprived childrent help to formation of
training tacts andshow the paths to planners that prepare necessary conditions
for growth and efflorescence of children.
Method: The Research Method of this Study Is a causative- Comparative Study.
In this Study 588 Rural Children Between 3-6 Years Old in Varamin in Two
Groups (294 Children as a Test Group and 294 Children as a Control Group)
Were Compared with Vineland`s Social Maturity Scale. This Scale Has 8
Subscales: Self Help General, Self Help Dressing, Self Help Eating,
Communication, Self Direction, Socialization, Locomotion & Occupation.
Findings: Statistical Analysis Determined that there ars Significant Difference
Between Children who Use Rural Child Care Center Services and Children who
don`t Use these Services in Variables such as Self help General, Self Hhelp
Dressing, Self Help Eating, Communication, Self Direction, Socialization,
Locomotion & Occupation.
Conclusions: Our Findings Suggest that Children who Use Rural Child Care
Center Services Have More Social Development in Comparison with Children
Who don`t Use these Services and Who Are at Home, Because They Experience
Better Environment to Learning Educational Issues and Social Skills and also
because They Have opportunity for Understandig Concepts and Basic Skills like
Eating, Dressing, Communication,… in these Centers. In fact these Services Are
Effective for Rural Children`s Social Development.
Rural Child Care Center, Social Development.
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-722-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-722-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
A Study of Gender Setreotypes among Yazd University Students
369
398
FA
Akbar
zare shahabadi
Y
Zakeah
solimani
N
Objective: gender-based attitudes, often a social consensus on manner of
practices, gender role attitudes, regardless to individual differences show. Such
structural factors can be reinforcing gender inequalities to be considered.
This study aimed to assess the type of stereotypes attributed to men and women,
to study some common stereotypes jobs in this field deals with the perspectives
of students.
Method: This survey has been made. The population of Yazd University
students make up between them using the formula Cochrane 289 people were
selected as the sample size.
Findings: Boys sterotypes are more baised on supervisory on power, rationality,
independence, and violence and managerial jobs is a tool. While referring to the
gender sterotypes tenderness, effective, service jobs tendency and dependency
between them.
Conclusions: Students attitudes expressed indicate some kind of dichotomy and
acceptance of gender differences in beliefs between androgyny and similar
stereotypes commonly thought of their society from which they can root for both
biological and social and psychological fields were allowed.
gender, gender differences, gender setreotypes, sex, Yazd university
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-723-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-723-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
Study of Social Cognition Impairment among Opiate Dependents
399
420
FA
H.
Ekhtiari
Y
Gh.
Safaei
N
GH.
Esmaeeli-Djavid
N
H.
Ganjgahi
N
P.
Naderi
N
A.
Mokri
N
Objectives: Social cognition is composed of variety of processes that result in
perception of self, others and social world. Theory of Mind (ToM) is the high
level processing and analysis that organizes social cognition data by reflecting
and projecting other mind states in self mind environment. Impairment in social
cognition and ToM is one of the suspected problems of substance abusers, and
play role in addictive behavior especially in social relations. In this study we
tried to evaluate some aspects of ToM and Social Cognition among opiate
addicts in comparison to normal group.
Methods: We used Persian computerized version of Eyes Task (ET) and Facial
Emotional Expression Recognition Task (FERT), over 52 normal person and 50
opiate addicts referred to Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies
(INCAS).We also use Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Raven Progressive
Matrices (RPM), Eysenck Impulsivity Questionnaire -7 (EIQ-7) and Addiction
Severity Index (ASI).
Findings: We found that there is a significant difference in mean score of ET
task and FERT between groups (p<0.01). Also there is significant difference in
mean scores of RPM, BDI, and Impulsivity subscale of EIQ between groups.
Using multivariate analysis for ET & FERT scores including all possible related
variables revealed that there is significant effect for Addiction (group) and RPM
(Intelligence quotient) score on ET score, and Addiction & Empathy on FERT
score.
Conclusion: In this study opiate abusers showed significant impairment in some
aspects of social cognition in relation to normal group with fixation and
matching of other related variables. Results of this study should be concluded
with respect to other cognitive deficits correlated to opiate abuse and brain areas
involved coordinately in response inhibition, risky decision making, emotional
processing and social cognition. Basic and clinical implication of "impaired
social cognition" should be considered in therapeutic interventions for opiate
dependents.
Addiction, Eyes Task, Emotional Facial Recognition Task, Opiates, Social Cognition, Theory of Mind.
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-724-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-724-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Social Welfare Quarterly
1735-8191
11
41
2011
7
1
The Relationship between Family Functioning and Resilience Against Substance Use in Male Students at High Risk High Schools
421
444
FA
Rahmkhoda
Javadi
Y
Habib
Aghabakhshi
N
Hasan
Rafiey
N
Ali
Asgari
N
Ahmad
Baian Memar
N
Sohrab
Abdi Zarrin
N
Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine associations among
several family functions and resilience against substance which is begin use in
high school students.
Method: 145 high school students at risk for substance use participated in this
correlational study. Family assessment device (FAD) and a researcher-made
questionnaire were applied to assess variables. Data were analyzed by Pearson
correlation and multiple regressions.
Finding: This study revealed significant associations among family functions
(problem-solving, communication, roles, control, emotional involvement and
general function) and resilience against substance use. But emotional
responsiveness was inconsistent with them. Results of multiple regression
showed that the emotional involvement can Predict respectively 13% of the
resilience against substance use variance (p<0/0001).
Conclusion: The more the family functions is healthy and favorable, the more
probability of offspring becomes resilient in the face of substance use.
family functioning - high risk schools - resilience- substance use
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-725-en.html
http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-725-en.pdf