OTHERS_CITABLE Cultural Development and Social Development in Iran   http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-304-en.pdf 2010-07-15 0 0
OTHERS_CITABLE توسعه فرهنگی و توسعه اجتماعی در ایران http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-306-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 7 56 Cultural Development and Social Development in Iran In this study the relation between Cultural Development and Social Development in I an is studied with Secondary Analysis Method. Statistical data of this study is based on previous experimental researches, especially National Survey of Iranians Cultural Behaviors in 1378 and National Surveys of Iranians Values and Attitudes in 1379 and 1382. For measuring the Cultural Development, some elements, like Knowledge, Awareness and various Political, Social and Cultural information of people, that is obtained by study or using Mass Media, is considered, and for measuring Social Development element, like degree of tendency to Participation in Social Groups and Institutions, Justice, Freedom, Security, Comfort and Welfare in society and the feeling of realization of them by people, Faithfulness of the People snd Trying for Development is considered. The study shows that Cultural Development in Iran has many obstacles, like Cultural and Identity Problems, Lake of Individuality, Lake of Intellectual and Cultural Plurality and Weakness of Intellectual and Cultural Capital. Obviously it has the main role in Lake of Social Development. The main supposition of this study is that the Culture is a very important variable in Social Changes so the realization of Cultural Development is the basic pre requisite of Social Development. Theoretical Approaches and Experimental Findings in Iran, especially in this research, are confirming this case http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-306-en.pdf 2010-07-15 7 56 Cultural Development Social Development Cultural Capital 1 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE مطالعه شاخصها و رتبه توسعه اجتماعی دراستان های کشور و رابطه آن با سرمایه اجتماعی http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-307-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 57 93 The Provinces Social Development and The main questions of paper are what are indicators of social development? What is the weight of each of the selected social development indices with weights valuation (entropy), based on 2007 data in Iran? How is rating of social development indicators based on the weight of them in Iran's provinces and what is the relationship between the scores of social capital and social development situation in the provinces? This article is based on theories and indicators of social development and issues raised in Copenhagen, in the field of social development, and other theories in relation to social capital and development. Methods of paper is based on secondary analysis of information and provincial data for 30 provinces with using deciding multiple indicators method in provincial ranking and statistics related to the correlation in the relationship between variables. The findings indicate that thirteen indicators are useful for understanding social development status and based on this index, the Yazd province has maximum and kohgiloyeh province has minimum level of social development. Finally, the ranking obtained from the provinces, the correlation of the social capital of provinces with social development, has been measured. The results show, between social development and some elements of social capital include: individual trust and generalized trust, exists a significant inverse relationship. Similarly, between social development and the other elements of social capital include: network relationships within the group, formal participation, informal participation and institutional trust, there is no significant relationship. http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-307-en.pdf 2010-07-15 57 93 Social Development- Social Capital- Trust- Participation- Iran S.A Firouzabadi 1 AUTHOR S.R Hosseini 2 AUTHOR R Ghasemi 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE رتبه بندی شاخص کیفیت زندگی در استان های کشور http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-308-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 95 112 Ranking the Quality of Life in Iran Provinces Objectives: There have been numerous attempts to construct non-monetary indices of social and economic satisfaction by combining in a single statistic a variety of different factors that are thought to influence human well-being. Method: The concept of Quality of Life (QOL) as an aggregate measure of people’s well-being in a certain country, region, or social stratum. The Economist Intelligence Unit has developed a new methodology that links the results of subjective life-satisfaction surveys to the objective determinants of quality of life. We use this methodology and numerical taxonomy to ranking the quality of life in Iranian provinces. Findings: Assigning the different weights and emphasizing on economical, environmental and social components of quality of life, shows that the general rank of provinces (except in some cases) have not been changed. Results: Our results show that the Tehran, West Azerbaijan and Khuzestan have best QOL Index respectively. Hence we can use the ranking of provinces in decentralization of Tehran population by encouraging the immigration from Tehran to other High Quality Provinces http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.pdf 2010-07-15 95 112 Quality Of Life Wealth Factor Analysis Numerical Taxonomy M Basakha 1 AUTHOR L.A. Kohneshahri 2 AUTHOR A Masaeli 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE بررسی و مقایسه ترکیب کالاهای مصرفی خانوارهای شهری ایران طی سال های 84-1351 http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-309-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 113 127 The Study of Iranian Urban Households\' Consumption Objectives :One of the household's economic welfare indices is their quality of consumption commodities mixture during a given period. In Economics, the commodities are classified luxuries , necessities and inferiors by income elasticities of demand . When most of commodities in households'consumption basket are necessities and inferiors , the conditions of household's consumption are improved and its welfare is increased . In this article , we want to find "Are the consumption mixtures of urban households improved or disimproved during 1368-87 to 1351-67?" Methods : The used models of Engel curves are estimated by panel data during two periods .Then, income elasticities of demand of commodities are calculated. Findings : During 1351-67 , Cereals products , Oil Fats , Tobacco products and Clothing and footwear were inferiors and the other commodities were necessities in urban households'baskets .But during 1368-87, Medical Care and Health Services , Transport and Communications ,Recreation, Entertainment and Cultural Services were luxuries and other commodities were necessities . Results : Since during 1368-87 some of the food commodities changed from inferiors into necessities and some non-food commodities have been changed into luxuries , thus we take a result that consumed condition and economic welfare of Iranian urban households have been worse during 1368-87 to1351-6 http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-309-en.pdf 2010-07-15 113 127 Engel Curves - Income elasticities of demand – Iranian urban M Mowlaei 1 AUTHOR H Moradi 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE محاسبه شاخص توسعه انسانی استانها با استفاده از رتبه بندی فازی http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-310-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 129 153 The Estimation of Human Development Index for Provinces Objectives: Each year, the United Nations publishes an annual report titled by “Human Development Report” for all countries around the world which in which the complex index for human development for achieving health life alongside education and economic welfare is examined. The innate ambiguity in estimation of human development index has brought about numerous criticism against the method of investigating human development index. Therefore, many methods are suggested for this examination. In this study, the fuzzy ranking method that is most relevant to the concept of Human development index is suggested. Method: This study attempts to apply a suitable mathematical fuzzy model in order to rank human development index for provinces. Fuzzy logic has recently entered into such concepts as poverty and welfare. The multidimensional and ambiguity of human development concept paves the way for the use of fuzzy ranking. In this paper, fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets are used to estimate human development index during the years 1996, 2001 and 2005 for all provinces of Iran. Findings: in ranking human development index through deferent scenarios, Tehran, Isfahan, Ghazvin and Guilan provinces have first to forth rank respectively. But from this point onwards, ranking of provinces by human development index differs. Tehran province during three time periods, through different methods obtained the highest rank in all components. Kurdestan and Sistan-Balouchestan have the lowest degree in human development index. Also these provinces have the lowest degree in all components. Results: The result show that by changing the methods of investigation, the rank of some provinces goes under some changes. Regarding the gradual transition in fuzzy ranking method it seems that this method is more appropriate for measuring the ambiguous outcomes. in 2005, changing the method of investigation brought about -8 degree of decrease for Ghom province and therank of this province fell from 13 into 21. This also caused +8 degree of increase in Golestan province’s rank. Thus, choosing a suitable method for policy makers in distributing the resources and facilities is of critical importance so as to avoid such problems as population density, traffic, environmental pollution. Regarding the aforementioned numbers and for the purpose of decentralization, a need for local plans is now felt than ever before. By investing more in underdeveloped areas, hopefully we will be able to witness a substantial growth in human development index of these areas and that of the country http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-310-en.pdf 2010-07-15 129 153 Education Income per capita Life expectancy Human H Sadeghi 1 AUTHOR A Masaeli 2 AUTHOR M Basakha 3 AUTHOR M Kouhian 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE فقرزدایی و تامین رفاه سکونتگاههای غیر رسمی با رویکرد مقتدر سازی در میان آباد اسلامشهر http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-315-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 155 186 Relieving Poverty and Providing Welfare for Informal Settlements with Empowerment Approach As long as the government in the concept of urban management plays the role of “direct provider” instead of “facilitator” to improve the life’s welfare level and provide a situation for poor societies and particularly informal settlements, its sole result is the increase in the number of open mouths that their dependence on government enlarges per day. Therefore the investigation of different grounds and the way of implementation of “empowerment” approach in local association are very important. In present research, documentary and library methods, as well as square methods (quantitative and qualitative) including questionnaire and focus group meetings are used to gather necessary information. The framework and conceptual model of this research is a combination of informal settlement model, the welfare measurement indexes and the theoretical framework of empowerment model. From the time point of view this research had been done during the years of 1386, 1387, and 1388. A series of questions has been asked in two different periods from fixed samples (family guardians) to compare the temporal changes between winter 1386 and spring 1388. Mian Abad (nearly 40000 inhabitants and 8ooo family guardians) has been chosen considering the population of the sample society, first the pilot sample has been chosen according to the statistic quality of willingness and unwillingness to cooperate with urban management. Considering the proportion of 67 percent willingness to 33 percent unwillingness (20 from 30 and 10 from 30), with the confidence level above 95 percent (0.954) and t equals 2, with the use of sample estimate method in binomial distributions, the number of the family guardians in the present research has got 396, that finally has considered 400. The findings have shown that welfare priorities and the necessities of families living in informal settlements (suburban areas) are to some extent different from those living in common settlements and poor urban areas, though they enjoy those in similar aspects. On the other hand those inhabitants themselves have a high social asset even if their confidence in urban management institute is low. The research results have shown that the only solution to boost welfare and theenvironment for living in informal settlements to move in the direction of empowerment approach besides, in this direction the grant of ownership right, establishment of stable employment, and the improvement of public services and infrastructure facilities are necessary elements to improve the social asset and the empowerment of inhabitants. http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-315-en.pdf 2010-07-15 155 186 informal settlement (impoverished areas) empowerment social asset poverty reduction Y Sadeghi1 1 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE رابطه استفاده از امکانات محلی با بعد اقتصادی مقتدرسازی http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-311-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 187 209 The Relationship between Use of Local Facilities and Economic Dimension of Empowerment Objectives: The main objective of the paper is finding solution to make selfhelp group's performance better in Behzisti organization. Recently empowerment theory is replaced the social policy theories. Empowerment has five dimensions: income, accessibility, consciousness, control and participation. All of the dimensions are important and ought to be actualized. But based on the idea of theorists, planners, international organizations, experts(social workers) and women headed households, economic dimension of empowerment (income and accessibility) to perform comes first. Functionalistic theory views every society and groups as a system. System's survive is conditioned by input and output exchange with its environment. If a self- help group wants to be successful in economic dimension of empowerment, its relationship with the environment must be mutual According to Bourdieu, Coleman and Putnam theory, social capital is the capital and the resource that associate individuals and groups. These resources available in networks of relationships and are based on who do you knew and how much do you communicate him. Individuals and groups can not be successful without social capital. By use of local facilities, self- help groups find links with their environment and a kind of social capital when help the groups survive. This paper asked four main questions: 1. Is there relation between the use of local facilities and self -help groups' income? 2. Is there relationship between the use of local facilities and self help groups' property? 3. Is there relationship between the use of local facilities and the economic dimension of empowerment of self help group? 4. Is there relationship between the social worker's refer to the local facilities and the economic dimension of empowerment? Method: The method of paper is survey. This research tries to measure use of local facilities and its effects on economic dimension of empowerment. The sample is include 25 self- help groups in Tehran.Findings: Economic dimension of empowerment has two indexes: income and property. Analysis of data shows the range of self help groups income is 200- 1000 thousands rials and the range of property 10-50 million rials. When selfhelp group be associated with local facilities, income is increased. The relationship between use of local facilities and increased income is significant and positive . But such a relation between use of local facilities and property is not confirmed. There is difference between ways of link with local facilities and economic dimension of empowerment. When social worker refers to local facilities, specially formal and state organizations, his performance is successful in promotion of groups' income. But administrative performances by Behzisti organization increases only property of groups. Results: Efforts of self- help groups and social workers to make connection between local facilities and group's needs, increase group power and secure income and essential needs. This rule mentioned in self-help groups instruction (1381). The social workers seriously must actualize this rule by direct refer to local facilities specially governmental organizations. http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-311-en.pdf 2010-07-15 187 209 Empowerment Self- Help Group Women Headed Households Use of Local Facilities sh Sedaghatzadegan 1 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE رابطه عوامل اجتماعی فرهنگی و باورپذیری مردم سالاری http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-313-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 211 240 Sociocultural Factors and the Acceptability of Democracy Nowadays democracy is considered to be one of the most important parameters of development in new era. As a result, the trend toward democratization of a society’s culture is an essential step to achieve a stable development. In that case, identifying the relationship between acceptability of democracy and socialcultural factors is very important. In this study, using the method of survey and questionnaire technique, a sample number of 385 students of University of Isfahan was chosen in the form of quota sampling. After distributing the questionnaires and then collecting the data hypothesis were tested. In statistical analysis of the research methods of descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, percent, etc) and inferential statistics (Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, regression, etc) has been used. Based on the results there is a significant relationship between gender and acceptability of democracy that is more among men than women. It is 76% among men and 72% among women. Also the results suggest that it has a direct relationship with family structure, fatalism, socio-economic base, the amount of using media, and social trust. Furthermore there is no significant relationship between acceptability of democracy, education level, and how religious people are. http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.pdf 2010-07-15 211 240 democracy social trust fatalism socio-economic base N Ahahdadi 1 AUTHOR M Saadatmehr 2 AUTHOR A Mirzaei 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE تغییرات نسلی سبک زندگی در جامعه روستایی http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-314-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 241 264 The Survey of Generational of Changes of Lifestyle in Rural Society (Case study: Ahangar Mahalleh village, a Ville in Gorgan ) Objective: Iran society also has been changing in different social, cultural, economical etc dimensions. Rural society of Iran, because of the achievement to new technological products, and communicative facilities is shifting from traditional period to a modern one. This study deals with this transmission on the generation viewpoint, in rural society of Iran. Method: In this paper, the changes of lifestyles have been considered by using of quantitative & qualified methods. In this research given information was collected & analyzed by interview and observation techniques and questionnaires made by researcher in Ahangar Mahalleh village (a Ville in Gorgan). Findings: on the basis of the results in this paper, components of lifestyles are different from third generation to the first & second one, but this different doesn’t mean, against urban society, the gap generation. The first & second generations in applying the modern life come along with third one and in some cases, they are affected by them. In general, the most important variable amongst changes of lifestyles in rural society is the generation variable. Results: way of changes is to ward consuming lifestyle in rural society. So, the planers of rural development should be notice to consequents of this change in rural society. c“cCuhoornangnsceuglnmuecssye ia roon ngfd o: f coupodnanscss.t seia oqson ufi” te. c nwshtoea i,rn niegn r,e u“psur laraisgln esnoonincnc iyget htooyeff. c rp o uomrsaiplt lideomenv eeonlfot ”ip nomcfr eleinfaets esuh tooefnu slrdiel qbisue e masttot reteon dtbh ouanny http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-314-en.pdf 2010-07-15 241 264 Ahangar Mahalleh Different of generation Lifestyle Rural development Rural society Social change M Azkia 1 AUTHOR s Hoseini Roodbaraki 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE نابرابری فضایی در دسترسی به خدمات درمان عمومی برای توسعه سلامت شهری از طریق مدل در شهر اصفهان p-median در شهر اصفهان http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-318-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 265 285 A P- median-model-based Analysis of Spatial Inequality in Accessibility to Public Health Care Intended for Urban Health Development in Isfahan City Health care is considered a universal human right greatly emphasized in social welfare development in most countries. In this regard, public health care with its pervasive effects on the general level of communities' health is a top priority drawing the attention of planners and decision-makers a like. Unequal and inharmonious distribution of such services leads to unequal accessibility caused either by inappropriate spatial distribution of health care centers or by insufficient human resources vis-a-vis the increasing demand for such services. This article tackles two causal factors, i.e., optimizing accessibility to public health care using a p-median model, and implementing the model in district 10 in Isfahan municipality as a case study. In the proposed model for location, various scenarios have been devised in proportion to allocated budgets. The results were subsequently compared and analyzed. The conclusions of this article may be incorporated in decision making as to spatially provided PHC for urban health development and utilized as a backup system for such decisions, so that prier to the implementation of projects designed for relevant facilities, the effects and characteristics of every alternative are analyzed from different angles and consequently proper decision is made with regard to limitations such us budget restriction. As a corollary, the choice to be made with regard to various scenarios is highly dependant on the spatial characteristics of the city especially on the budget allocated, and no scenario is per se absolutely preferable regardless of the needs and limitations of any given situation. http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-318-en.pdf 2010-07-15 265 285 P- median-model accessibility betterment public health service site selection scenario making M.H Sharifzadegan1 1 AUTHOR M.R Mamdohi 2 AUTHOR m Lavi 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE تأمین و گسترش برابری فرصتها و عدالت آموزشی در آموزش و پرورش استان اصفهان http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-319-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 287 305 Providing and Extending Equal Opportunity and Educational Justice in Education in Isfahan Plan: The present research has studied the present and desired strategies for facing the challenge of providing and extending equal opportunity and educational justice in education in Isfahan. Method: This research has studied the present and desired strategies for providing and extending equal opportunity and educational justice in education in Isfahan. 126 person has selected as statistical sample. Main means of data gathering in this case had been interview, questionnaire included 24 close ended questions and 1 open ended questions. Reliability Coefficient of the questionnaire in present and desired situations was calculated by Cronboch Alfa 0/88 & 0/94. Findings: Findings of questionnaire showed that "establishment school builder beneficent associations" is the most present approach of providing and extending equal opportunity. "Proper distribution of qualified teachers among districts" is the most desired strategy for providing and extending equal opportunity. Findings of open- ended questionnaire showed that important approach of providing and extending equal opportunity are "informing planners on importance of research findings on equal opportunity". Results: Findings showed that observed t was higher than critical level at α ≤ 1%, there fore, present approach and utilized are effective for providing and extending equal opportunity. Studying comparative of strategies indicate that there is considerable space among strategies in present and desired status. Research results showed that there was no significant difference among points of replier with regard to sex, job experience, educational level & position in relation to strategies for providing and extending equal opportunity. http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.pdf 2010-07-15 287 305 Strategy Equal opportunity Educational justic Present & Desired status 1. z.b Akasheh 1 AUTHOR s.m Sharif 2 AUTHOR A Jamshidian 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE نقش دولت در توزیع امکانات بهداشتی و درمانی در استان همدان http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-321-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 307 326 The Role of Government in Health and Medicare Facilities Distribution in Hamedan Province Objective: Health and Medicare issue plays a vital role in socio-economic life of the people in any society. That is why most of the economic planners expect much more from public health sector, including creating jobs, revenues and healthy social opportunities in addition to basic health necessities. The main objective of the present study is to measure the level of development of different Provinces with respect to their accessibility to the health and Medicare facilities, considering the special case of Hamedan province of Iran in order to evaluate Government performance during the planning years 1999-2004 on the same subject. Methods: For analysis of data, researcher has used quantified methods such as Numerical Taxonomy, Coefficient of Deprivation, Standardized Method and factor analysis to classify the provinces in Iran according to health care indicators and related facilities. Relevant data (18 health and Medicare indexes) have been collected from yearly statistics published by Central Bureau of Statistics, Management and Programming Organization and Health Network Offices of Iran. The selection of indexes was done on the basis of past related studies and human development indices. Findings: Results show that, the first five reduced factors i.e. Specialists, Urban Health Centers, Rural Health Centers, Urban waste water Drainage Units and Sub Rural Health, could describe nearly about 76 percent of variances responsible for regional disparities in Iran. Results: The study concludes that the Govt. policies implemented under the Third Five year Socio-Economic plan, has reduced regional disparities during the years 1999-2004 in Hamedan Province with respect to health and Medicare facilities distribution through the states, but still more is left to be done for deprived regions or least developed areas to find their deserved place in the economy of the country. http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-321-en.pdf 2010-07-15 307 326 Health Care Development Numerical Taxonomy Factor Analysis h Sepehrdoust 1 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE سلامت نیروی کار و رشد اقتصادی در ایران http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-323-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 327 350 Labor Health and Economic Growth in Iran Objective: Reaching to high economic growth has always been a concern for economic policy makers in developing countries including Iran. Since labor productivity is one of the most important sources of economic growth, policies are targeted to boost labor productivity in most countries. For realization of this aim, there is a special consideration to health improvement policies because health is one of the forms of human capital. Modern literature of economic development contend that healthy people is an index for development of a society therefore. Method: Considering the real business cycle approach and using the covariance analysis with Johansen cointegration regression and hypothesis testing, it is tried to study the effect of labor health- that is measured by the fraction of the population over 65 aged to the population of the whole of nation- on economic growth- that is measured by GDP per capita- in Iran. Findings: The theoretical discussions suggest that labor health directly- by acting as an input in production function- and indirectly- by affecting some factors such as productivity, education, physical capital, depreciation of human capital, skill and labor supply- increases output. The empirical evidence also support this relation and show that labor health has been positive relation to the GDP per capita in Iran in 1353-85. Results: Since labor health improvement is important for economic growth, the provision of health facilities is noticeable for labor. Health insurance, clinical centers and so on are suchlike facilities. Providing these can be made by government or private sector. http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-323-en.pdf 2010-07-15 327 350 Health- Labor- Productivity- Economic Growth. v Mehrbani 1 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE تعیین شاخصهای مناسب اندازهگیری سرمایه اجتماعی در رتبه بندی دانشکده های کشاورزی http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-325-fa.pdf 2010-07-15 351 382 Determining Appropriate Indicators Measuring Social Capital in Agricultural Colleges Ranking Objectives (problem): social capital is the most important dynamic social and cultural element in every society. Universities can transfer Ideas, Values and Social norms with solidarity for students. this investigation has emphasis the role of universities and higher education institutes as a center of formation and development of social capital to follow catch the Macro socio- economic and cultural objectives, so must be response two main question: 1) which Indicators are appropriate to assessment the level of social capital 2) what the position of each university in aspect of social capital in compare other universities. Methodology: this study is a survey study, which collected information with questioner paper from two sample studies (faculties, investigators and students) in two stages: at the first designed and determined the Indicators, at the second showed the position of each university in compare others. Achievements: achievements showed, two component of social capital (social participation Indicators and social interaction and trust) explaining 31 percent of total variance. Also these two factors are more important Indicators for ranking the level of social capital in Agricultural faculties. Results: In ranking of universities verified the weakness and strong ness aspect of social capital components for resetting and review of objectives and activities that must be done in universities in macro planning. http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-325-en.pdf 2010-07-15 351 382 factor Analysis Principal Factor Analysis social capital Ranking of social capital M.A Mohammadi 1 AUTHOR H Shabanali Fami2 2 AUTHOR kH Kalantari 3 AUTHOR F Rostami 4 AUTHOR