چکیده: (13920 مشاهده)
Objectives: Nowadays, governments put citizens in their first priority in order to
protect their stability. Undoubtedly, citizen empowerment is one of the most
important duties of government. Empowerment of women as half of the
population with extra influence on culture and human development has been
concentrated. Scholars indicate empowerment of women have five stages:
welfare, access, consciousness, participation, and control. Head-of-household
women are important section of citizens. In order to empower citizens, paying
attention to them has great importance. It seems that head-of-household women
have too many problems that obstruct them to access a sustainable development.
They have characteristics that can be used to human development because they
use their income to improve family’s nutrition, welfare, and education. So,
increasing their income seems to have direct and positive impact on family’s
situation. In this article we have tried to identify factors that impact on
empowerment of head-of-household women, and prepare a guideline for whom
responsible for them.
Method: Current research is a survey. Training, skill learning, income-earning
plans, giving stock, giving loan and noncash aids were independent variables and
empowerment was dependent one. Random sampling was used and 240
questionnaires were completed by women in Tehran and Karaj that received help
from Imam Khomeini Relief Committee and Welfare Organization and also
Tehran municipality. To determine validity of scale we took advantages of
construct validity and factor analysis. The reliability index of Chronbach’s alpha
was 0.92 for head-of-household women empowerment and 0.89 for independent
factors. Spearman correlation and structural equations model was used for
statistical analysis.
Findings: There was a correlation between independent variables and
empowerment and also among independent variables, meaning that strengthening one of them will improve the others. Training and income-earning plans had the
most impact on empowerment of head-of-household women. Causality model
indicates that training and income-earning plans had positive impacts for our
participants.
Conclusion: Because of having several roles, head-of-household women don’t
have time for education and usually are less educated than other women. So,
training has positive effect on their family. As head-of-household women most
big problem usually is economic, so any solution to reduce this problem will be
very helpful. Contrary to scholars’ expectations, other hypotheses were rejected.
We think the loan’s amount was insufficient and it takes too much time to
receive it. Furthermore, a bailsman was needed for receiving loan. Accessing to
resource is a key factor of empowering head-of-household women, so noncash
aids seemed to be effective. But it was rejected too. Talking with head-ofhousehold
women showed that the women’ honor was not considered when
giving them noncash aids. Also the notification of giving these aids was not
suitable and because of that, a hostile climate was raised there.
نوع مطالعه:
اصیل |
موضوع مقاله:
رفاه اجتماعی دریافت: 1390/6/27 | انتشار: 1390/1/26